The flight reservation system ( ARS ) is part of the so-called passenger service system (PSS), which is an application that supports direct contact with passengers.
ARS eventually evolved into a computer reservation system (CRS). The computer reservation system is used for certain airline bookings and interfaces with a global distribution system (GDS) that support travel agencies and other distribution channels in making reservations for most major airlines in a single system.
Video Airline reservations system
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The airline reservation system combines flight schedules, tariff rates, passenger reservations, and ticket records. Direct airline distributions work in their own reservation system, as well as push out information to GDS. The second type of direct distribution channel is consumers who use the internet or mobile app to make their own reservations. Travel agents and other indirect distribution channels access the same GDS as those accessed by the airline reservation system, and all messages are sent by a standard messaging system that functions on two types of messages transmitting on a high-level SITA (HLN) network. This type of message is called Type A [usually the EDIFACT format] for real time interactive communication and Type B [TTY] for message type and order information. The message construction standards set by IATA and ICAO, are global, and applicable to more than air transport. Since the flight reservation system is an important business application, and they are functionally quite complex, the operation of the airline reservation system in the country is relatively expensive.
Prior to deregulation, airlines had their own reservation system with the travel agents they subscribed to. Currently, GDS is run by independent companies with airlines and travel agents who are key customers.
In February 2009, there were only four major GDS providers on the market: Amadeus, Travelport (which operates Apollo, Worldspan and Galileo systems), Saber and Shares. There is one major Regional GDS, Abacus, serving the Asian market and a number of regional players serving single countries, including Travelsky (China), Infini and Axess (both Japan) and Topas (South Korea). Of these, Infini is hosted within the Saber complex, Axess is in the process of moving to a partition within the Worldspan complex, and the Topas institution will migrate to Amadeus.
The reservation system can host "no ticket" airlines and "hybrid" airlines that use e-ticketing in addition to ticket-less to accommodate code and interlines stock.
In addition to these "standard" GDSs, some airlines have ownership versions that they use to run their flight operations. Some examples are the Delta OSS and the Deltamatic system and EDS SHARES. SITA Reservations remains the largest multi-host neutral airline booking system, with over 100 airlines currently managing inventory.
Maps Airline reservations system
Inventory management
In the aviation industry, the available seats are usually referred to as inventories. Airline inventories are generally classified into the service class (for example, business class or first economy) and up to 26 booking classes, applicable for different ordering rates and conditions. Inventory data is imported and managed through the schedule distribution system through the standard interface. One of the core functions of inventory management is inventory control. Inventory control directs how many seats are available in different order classes, by opening and closing individual order classes for sale. In combination with the rate and condition of the reservation stored in the Tariff Rate System, the price for each seat sold is determined. In most cases, inventory controls have a real-time interface to the airline's Yield management system to support the permanent optimization of the ordering classes offered in response to changes in demand or pricing strategies of competitors.
Availability and availability reservations (PNR)
Users access airline inventory via the availability view. It contains all flights offered for certain city pairs with seats available in different reservation classes. This view contains flights operated by the airline itself as well as code sharing flights that are operated in cooperation with other airlines. If a city partner is not one that the airline offers, it may display connections using its own flights or display flights from other airlines. The availability of other airline seats is updated through a standard industry interface. Depending on the type of cooperation, it supports access to the last seat (availability of the last seat) in real-time. Booking for individual or group passengers is stored in so-called passenger name records (PNR). Among other data, PNR contains personal information such as name, contact information, or special service request (SSR) for example, for vegetarian dishes, as well as flights (segments) and tickets issued. Some reservation systems also make it possible to store customer data on the profile to avoid data re-entry every time a new reservation is made for a known passenger. In addition, most systems have interfaces to CRM systems or customer loyalty applications (aka frequently used travel systems). Before flight departs, the passenger name list (PNL) is assigned to the departure control system used for check-in passengers and luggage. Order data such as the number of booked passengers and special service requests are also transferred to the flight operating system, crew management, and catering systems. After the flight has departed, the reservation system is updated with a check-in list of passengers (eg Passenger who has a reservation but does not check in (not shown) and passengers are checked in, but does not have a reservation (go show)). Finally, the data required for revenue accounting and reporting are left to the administrative system.
Ticket and ticket prices
Store data Rates contain tariff rates, rule sets, route maps, class service tables, and some tax information that builds the price - "tariff". Rules such as booking conditions (eg minimum stay, advance purchase, etc.) are tailored differently between different city pairs or zones, and are assigned the appropriate service class to the appropriate inventory bucket. Inventory controls can also manipulate manually through feed availability, dynamically controlling how many seats are offered for a certain price by opening and closing certain classes.
A collection of compiled tariff conditions is called the base rate code. There are two systems prepared for tariff data exchange - ATPCO and SITA, plus multiple systems to the direct connection system. This system distributes tariff rates and rule sets to all GDS and other customers. Each airline employs staff who encode airfare rules in accordance with the intent of yield management. There are also revenue managers who watch rates because they are put into public rates and make competitive recommendations. Inventory controls are usually manipulated from here, using the availability feed to open and close the service class.
The role of the ticketing complex is to issue and keep electronic ticket records and a very small amount of paper tickets still issued. Miscellaneous charges order (MCO) is still a paper document; IATA has a working group that defines an electronic multipurpose document replacement (EMD) document in 2010. Electronic ticket information is stored in a database containing data historically printed on paper tickets including items such as ticket number, rates and tax components of the ticket price or exchange rate information. In the past, airlines issued paper tickets; since 2008, IATA has supported the resolution to switch to 100% of electronic tickets. So far, the industry has not been able to meet due to various technological and international limitations. The industry is at 98% of today's electronic ticket issuance, although electronic processing for MCO is not available on time for the IATA mandate.
Primary system
Other systems
- USAS (app)
History
Until the 1950s, flight reservations used a manual system at a centralized reservation center, consisting of a group of people in a room with a physical card representing inventory, in this case, a seat on the plane. In the late 1950s, American Airlines wanted a system that would allow real-time access to flight details in all its offices, and the integration and automation of its ordering and ticketing processes. It introduced the electronic ordering system, Magnetronic Reservisor, in 1952. In 1964, he developed the Saber (Semi-Automated Business Research Environment). Saber's breakthrough is its ability to keep inventory true in real time, accessible to agents worldwide.
The deregulation of the aviation industry, under the Airline Deregulation Act, means that airlines, which previously operate below the government-set tariffs ensure airlines are at least breakeven, are now required to improve efficiency to compete in the free market. In this deregulated environment, ARS and its derivatives are vital to the travel industry.
See also
Further reading
- Winston, Clifford, "Aviation Industry Evolution", Brookings Institution Press, 1995. ISBNÃ, 0-8157-5843-X. Cf. p.Ã, 61-62, Computer Reservations System.
- Wardell, David J, "Airline Reservation Systems", 1991. Research paper.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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