The career is the individual's "metaphorical" journey through learning, work, and other aspects of life. There are a number of ways to define a career and this term is used in various ways.
Video Career
Definisi dan etimologi
The word career is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "a course or progress through life (or different parts of life)". In this definition, careers are understood to be related to various aspects of life, learning, and individual work. Careers are also often understood to relate to work aspects of a person's life such as in a career woman. The third way in which career terms are used to describe a job or profession that usually involves special training or formal education, and is considered a lifelong employment. In this case, "career" is seen as a sequence of related work that is usually pursued in a particular industry or sector, eg. "Career in education" or "career in building trade".
Maps Career
Historical changes in career
For pre-modernist "career" ideas, compare the honorum cursus.
By the end of the 20th century, various variations (especially in various potential professions) and broader education have made it possible to be possible to plan (or design) careers: In this career career career counselor and career adviser has grown up. It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th/early 21st century to have dual or dual careers, either sequentially or simultaneously. Thus, the professional identity has become hyphenated or hybridized to reflect a shift in this work ethic. The economist Richard Florida noted this trend in general and more specifically among "creative classes".
Career management
Career management describes an active and planned career management by an individual. Ideas on what consist of "career management skills" are described by the Blueprint model (in the United States, Canada, Australia, Scotland, and the UK) and the Seven C Literacy Digital Career (specifically related to Internet skills).
Key skills include the ability to reflect a person's current career, examine the labor market, determine if education is needed, find openings, and make career changes.
Career options
According to Behling and others, a person's decision to join a company may depend on one of three factors namely. objective factors, subjective factors and critical contacts.
- The theory of objective factors assumes that applicants are rational. Therefore, the choice is made after an objective assessment of the real benefits of the work. Factors may include salary, other benefits, location, opportunities for career advancement, etc.
- The subjective factor theory indicates that decision-making is dominated by social and psychological factors. Employment status, organizational reputation, and other similar factors play an important role.
- Critical contact theory advances the notion that candidate observation while interacting with an organization plays an important role in decision making. For example, how do recruiters keep in touch with candidates, the accuracy of responses and similar factors are important. This theory is more valid with experienced professionals.
These theories assume that the candidate has a free choice of employers and careers. The reality of job scarcity and strong competition for desirable jobs greatly disrupts the decision-making process. In many markets, employees work certain careers simply because they are forced to accept whatever work is available to them. In addition, Ott-Holland and colleagues found that culture can have a major influence on career choice, depending on the type of culture.
When choosing the best career for you, according to US News, there are some things to consider. Some of these include: natural talent, work style, social interaction, work life balance, whether you want to give back, whether you feel comfortable in the public eye, face stress or not, and finally, how much money you want to make. If choosing a career feels like too much pressure, here's another option: pick a path that feels right today by making the best decision you can, and know that you can change your mind in the future. In today's workplace, choosing a career does not necessarily mean you have to stick with that line of work for your whole life. Make smart decisions, and plan to reevaluate the line based on your long-term goals.
Career (job) change
Changing jobs is an important aspect of career and career management. During the lifetime, both the individual and the labor market will change; it is expected that many people will change jobs during their lifetime. Data collected by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics through the National Longitudinal Youth Survey in 1979 shows that individuals between the ages of 18 and 38 will have more than 10 jobs.
Surveys conducted by Rights Management show the following reasons for a career change.
- Downsizing or organizational restructuring (54%).
- New challenges or opportunities that appear (30%).
- Bad or ineffective leadership (25%).
- Have a bad relationship with a manager (22%).
- To improve work/life balance (21%).
- Unrecognized contribution (21%).
- For better compensation and benefits (18%),
- For better alignment with personal and organizational values ​​(17%).
- Personal strengths and capabilities do not match the organization (16%).
- The financial instability of an organization (13%).
- Organization relocated (12%).
According to an article on Time.com, one in three people currently working (in 2008) spends about an hour per day looking for other positions.
Career success
Career success is a term often used in academic and popular writing about careers. This refers to the extent and manner in which an individual can be described as successful in their working lives so far.
Traditionally, career success is often considered in terms of income and/or status in a job or organization. This can be expressed in absolute terms (such as the amount earned by a person) or in relative terms (eg the amount earned by a person compared to their starting salary). Earnings and status are examples of objective success criteria, in which "objective" means that they can be verified factually, and not merely a matter of opinion.
Many observers argue that careers are less predictable than ever, because of the rapid pace of economic and technological change. This means that career management is more clearly the responsibility of the individual than the organization that employs it, because "work for life" is a thing of the past. This has put more emphasis on subjective criteria of career success. This includes job satisfaction, career satisfaction, work life balance, a sense of personal achievement, and achieving a job consistent with one's personal values. A person's assessment of career success may be influenced by social comparisons, such as how well family members, friends, or colleagues at school or college have done.
The number and type of career success achieved by a person is influenced by some form of career capital. This includes social capital (the level and depth of personal contact one can make use of), human capital (proven ability, experience and qualifications), economic capital (money and other material resources allowing access to career-related resources), and capital culture (having the skills, attitudes or general knowledge to operate effectively within a particular social context).
Career support
There are different educational, counseling, and human resource management interventions that can support individuals to develop and manage their careers. Career support is generally offered when people in education, when they transition to the labor market, as they change careers, during the period of unemployment, and during the transition to retirement. Support can be offered by career professionals, other professionals or by non-professionals such as family and friends. Professional career support is sometimes known as "career guidance" as in the definition of OECD career guidance:
Activities can be done individually or in groups, and can be done face-to-face or remotely (including web-based help and services). They include the provision of career information (in print, ICT-based and others), assessment tools and self-assessment, counseling interviews, career education programs (to help individuals develop self-awareness, opportunity awareness, and career management skills), take sample options before choosing them), job search program, and transition services. "
However, the use of the term "career guidance" can be confusing because it is also commonly used to describe the activities of career counselors.
Career support
Career support is offered by a variety of different mechanisms. Much of career support is informal and is provided through personal networks or existing relationships such as management. There is a market for personal career support, but most of the existing career support as a professional activity is provided by the public sector.
Career support type
The main types of career support include:
- Career information describes information that supports career and learning choices. An important subset of career information is labor market information (LMI), such as the salaries of various professions, the level of employment in various professions, available training programs, and current job vacancies.
- Career assessment is a test that comes in many forms and relies on quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Career assessment can help individuals identify and better articulate their unique interests, personality, values, and skills to determine how well they can fit in a particular career. Some of the skills that can aid career assessment are job-specific skills, transferable skills, and self-management skills. Career assessment can also provide potential opportunities by helping individuals find the tasks, experience, education, and training necessary for careers they want to pursue. Career counselors, executive coaches, educational institutions, career development centers, and outplacement companies often manage career assessments to help individuals focus their search on careers that match their unique personal profile.
- Career counsel assesses the interests, personality, values, and skills of others, and helps them to explore career options and research graduates and professional schools. Career counseling provides one-on-one or group professional assistance in exploration and decision-making tasks related to choosing a course/job, transition to the workplace or further professional training.
- Career education describes a process in which individuals come to learn about themselves, their careers and the world of work. There is a strong career education tradition in schools, but career education can also occur in a broader context including advanced education and higher education and workplaces. Commonly used frameworks for career education are DOTS which stands for decision learning (D), opportunity awareness (O), transition learning (T), and self-awareness (S). Often, higher education is considered too narrow or over-researched and lacks a deep understanding of the material to develop the skills necessary for a particular career.
Several studies have shown adding one year of school outside of secondary school creates a 17.8% wage increase per worker. However, additional school years, over 9 or 10 years, have little effect on the wages of workers. In short, better educated, greater benefits. In 2010, 90% of the US Labor Force had a high school diploma, 64% had several colleges, and 34% had at least a bachelor's degree.
A common problem people may encounter when trying to get an education for a career is the cost. Careers who come with education must pay well enough to be able to pay off school. The benefits of schooling can vary greatly depending on the degree (or certification) earned, the program offered by the school, and the school's ranking. Sometimes, college gives more students only education to prepare for a career. It is not uncommon for universities to provide a pathway and direct support to the work world that students may want.
Many career support is delivered face-to-face, but an increasing number of career support is delivered online.
See also
- Job satisfaction
- Jobs
- Profession
References
External links
- United Nations (2002), Handbook on career counseling
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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