United Airlines is the sixth largest airline in the world, with 86,852 employees (covering all holding companies of United Continental Holdings) and 721 aircraft. It was William Boeing's idea and emerged from the consolidation of various operators and equipment manufacturers from 1928 to 1930.
Video History of United Airlines
History
Beginner
United Airlines was the creation of aviation pioneer William Boeing who started the aircraft business in 1916. His Boeing Aircraft Company, as it was called then, reached its first international postage in 1919 and he later founded United Aircraft Corp. in 1928. It was UAC who acquired postal and passenger service operator Pacific Air Transport on January 1, 1928, then, renamed Boeing Aircraft & amp; Transport Co., joined Pratt & amp; Whitney Aircraft in early 1929 to form United Aircraft and Transport Corporation (UATC). UATC acquired America's first scheduled passenger service carrier Stout Air Services on April 29, 1929, the first scheduled service operator (mail only) Varney Air Lines in the early 1930s and, finally, National Air Transport (a mail-only large airline in Chicago) at 7 May 1930. On 28 March 1931, UATC formed the company United Air Lines, Inc. to manage its airline subsidiaries. Thus United Airlines made the claim as the oldest commercial airline in the United States thanks to its Varney acquisition.
Varney was founded by Walter Varney in Boise, Idaho. Varney pilot Leon D. "Lee" Cuddeback flew the first contract airplane in a Swallow biplane from Varney headquarters in Boise, Idaho, to the railway station in Pasco, Washington, on April 5, 1926 and returned the following day with 200 pound mail. The original hangout of Varney Airlines in 1925 served as part of the terminal building for Boise Airport until 2003, when the structure was replaced.
Through a series of successful acquisitions, in 1930, United Air Lines provided passenger and beach-to-coast shipping services. It takes 27 hours to fly the route, one way. Boeing Air Transport hired a registered nurse, Ellen Church, to help passengers. United claimed the Church as the first airline stewardess.
Following the Air Mail scandal of 1930, the Air Mail Act of 1934 prohibits the general ownership of manufacturers and airlines. UATC President Philip G. Johnson was forced to resign and move to Trans Canada Airlines, Air Canada's future. UATC is broken down into three separate companies. The manufacturing interests of the UATC on the east side of the Mississippi River became United Aircraft (United Technologies' future), while manufacturing interests west of Mississippi became the Boeing Airplane Company. The airline's interest becomes United Air Lines. The new president of the airline, hired to make a fresh start because the air contract was re-awarded in 1934, was William A. Patterson, who remained president of United Airlines until 1963.
Expansion to national operator
United's original route, formed by connecting air mail routes, from east to west from New York City through Chicago and Salt Lake City to San Francisco, and north-south along the West Coast. Initial connections became the basis of United hubs in Chicago and San Francisco and later in Denver and Washington, D.C. It remains United's premier hub.
United introduced Boeing 247 in 1933; for the first time passengers can fly across the US without stopping overnight or replacing the aircraft. That summer the fastest flight left Newark in the afternoon (probably EST) and arrived San Francisco at 0655 PST after eight stops; cost $ 160 one way, which is $ 2,868 in today's value.
On the night of October 10, 1933, a United Boeing 247 plane exploded in the air and crashed near Chesterton, Indiana, killing seven people inside. Investigations revealed that the explosion was caused by a nitroglycerin bomb placed in the trunk. The United Airlines Chesterton Crash is believed to be the first proven case of air sabotage in the history of commercial aviation. No suspects or motives ever found.
During World War II, United's trained ground crew modified the aircraft to be used as bombers, and sent letters, materials and passengers to support the war effort. The airline was busy enough to cover air transportation needs throughout the United States during the war. Its fifty-fighter jet was used at a rate of over thirteen hours per day in 1945 (well above pre-war level of less than nine hours per day), flying 100,000 miles per day. Post-war United benefit from new technologies (such as pressurized cabins that allow aircraft to fly over the weather) and explosive customer demand for air travel. This is the period in which Pan American Airways revives its Pacific route system which United will later acquire.
In 1954, United became the first airline with flight simulators that had visual cues, voice and motion to train pilots. Purchased for US $ 3 million (1954) from Curtiss-Wright, this is the first modern simulator for commercial pilot training.
On November 1, 1955 United Airlines Flight 629, flying from Stapleton Airport in Denver to Portland, Oregon, was bombed, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members on board the Douglas DC-6B. The bomb was planted by Jack Graham who put the device in his mother's trunk to collect his life insurance policy. Graham was arrested, tried, and executed a year after the explosion.
In the late 1950s, three United aircraft were lost in an air collision that killed everyone on both aircraft involved. On June 30, 1956, Flight 718 collided with Trans World Airlines Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation over the Grand Canyon in what was then the deadliest commercial flight disaster in the world. In 1958, Flight 736 crashed in southern Nevada after colliding with the F-100 Super Saber USAF fighter jet. And on December 16, 1960, Flight 826 hit another TWA Super Constellation in New York City. This accident helps pave the way for modern Air Traffic Control. Also in 1958, United received its first Douglas DC-8, its first jet aircraft.
United joined Capital Airlines on June 1, 1961, replacing American Airlines rival as the world's second largest carrier behind Aeroflot of the Soviet Union. Merger with Capital resulted in United operating the UK-made Vickers Viscount which is the only mainstream turboprop aircraft ever flown by the airline. Also in 1961, United began operating France's Caravelle Sud Aviation jet aircraft and was the only US carrier to operate Caravelle in scheduled passenger service. In 1968 the company reorganized, creating UAL Corporation with United Airlines as a wholly owned subsidiary.
United received their first Boeing 747 shipments in August 1970, initially operating them on longer routes in the United States. A year later, United, along with America, was a launch customer for McDonnell Douglas DC-10, who for many years worked as a hard worker in both airline fleets and others around the world.
United Airlines is the only airline that operates Executive One, the appointment given to civilian flights carrying the US President. On December 23, 1973, President Richard Nixon flew by United DC-10 aircraft from Washington Dulles to Los Angeles. White House staff explained that this was done to save fuel by not having to fly a Boeing 707 aircraft commonly used for Air Force One. In accordance with the practice of having two aircraft available at any time during the President's journey, Air Force planes follow in an emergency.
In August 1940 United scheduled flights to 37 airports. In August 1953, 66 airports in United and 51 in Capital; May 1968, United flew to 91 and November 1978 to 90 airports.
De-regulation
United searched for overseas routes in the 1960s but Transpacific Route Case (1969) rejected this expansion; it did not get an overseas route until 1983 when they embarked on a flight to Tokyo from Portland and Seattle. United became a supporter of deregulation because of its perception that regulation, as it then exists, is a major obstacle to United's ability to grow profitably. After years of work focused on deregulation, the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act became law.
In 1985, United agreed to purchase Pan American World Airways suffering from the entire Pacific Division, Boeing 747SPs , and L-1011-500s, and crew staff for $ 750 million . In late 1986, United flew to 13 Pacific destinations, mostly purchased from Pan Am.
The economic turmoil during the 1970s that caused "stagflation", labor unrest, and pressure from the 1978 Airline Deregulation Act severely hampered the industry and United, which suffered losses at that time also experienced a change over both United Airlines. and its parent company UAL Corp. Some changes were largely due to the retirement of long-term senior members of management and the performance-driven changes at the very top in 1969 and again in 1985 after the pilot's strike.
In May 1981, one week after American Airlines rival AAdvantage launched, the first modern frequent flyer program, United launched Mileage Plus.
In 1982 United was the launch carrier for Boeing 767-200, receiving the first 767-200 on 19 August.
In 1984, United was the first airline to serve all 49 states with commercial airports when it embarked on flights to Atlanta, Nashville, Memphis, Little Rock, Fargo, Casper, Jackson, and Charleston.
Strike in 1985
On May 17, 1985, the United pilots struck a 29-day strike claiming the CEO, Richard Ferris, was trying to "break the union". They use the "B-scale" pilot salary rate proposed by management as evidence. American Airlines already has a B-scale that does not merge for its pilot. Ferris insisted United should have no higher pilot fees than American property, so he offered to the United pilot a "word for word" contract to match the Americans, or the same bottom line figures. United ALPA-MEC rejected the offer. The only option left, to achieve parity with the cost of American pilots, is to start the B-scale for the new pilots that United hired.
Ferris wants the B-scale to join the rank of captain, who is more generous than the American B scale, who never joins at all. But, ALPA MEC insists they join in the sixth year of new pilots with the airline. In the final hours before the strike, almost all problems have been solved, except for the B-scale period. It seems that it will also be resolved when the negotiations continue. The ALPA negotiator sent a new reverse proposal in 12: 20Ã, am in an attempt to avoid strikes. However, MEC Chairman Roger Hall, who hosted the national teleconference of Odeum (a convention center on the outskirts of Chicago) with F. Lee Bailey, declared a strike on 12 May 01: 17, without further consultation with the negotiator, some of whom believe that they can find agreement on all terms of the contract, if negotiations are allowed to proceed. Shortly before the ALPA announces a strike deadline, they begin a "last 30 seconds countdown from Chicago" (teleconference Odeum). Doing so makes it impossible to extend the strike deadline, so that final problems can be resolved without strikes.
Mr. Ferris changed the name of United's parent company from UAL Corporation to Allegis in February 1987 but the name change was short-lived. Following the discontinuation of Ferris by the council, Allegis released non-airline ownership in 1987 and returned to the name of UAL Corp. in May 1988.
Flight recording-settings
In 1988, using 747SP-21 purchased from Pan American World Airways, United flew a two-world tour to raise funds for the Friendship Foundation, whose plane was 'lent'. The flight made a very short note for the fastest flight around the world; within a month, the Gulfstream IV jetliner broke the Friendship record.
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
The fall of Pan American World Airways offers opportunities; in 1991 United bought the Pan Am route to London Heathrow Airport. In direct negotiations with the British government, United also gained the right to fly to Heathrow from Chicago. However, after the Gulf War and competition from low-cost airlines caused a loss of US $ 332 million in 1991 and US $ 957 million in 1992. In 1992, the United States purchased the current Latin American and Caribbean routes, as well as Miami, but United allowed months to pass between the death of Pan Am and the launch of his services.
In 1994, pilots, engineers, bag managers and non-contract employees from United agreed to acquire 55% of the company's shares in exchange for a 15% to 25% salary concession. The flight attendants chose not to participate in the deal, and at first some wear buttons that say "we only work here." Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) makes United the largest employee-owned company in the world. The union uses the opportunity to create a low cost subsidiary, Shuttle by United, in an effort to compete with low cost carriers.
United uses ownership of its employees in its marketing communications, with slogans such as "United employee-employees invite you to fly to the friendly sky," "we're not just working here," and "thank you for calling United Airlines." ; please wait and one of our owner's representatives will be with you soon. "
The financial results of the ESOP are clearly uneven for different players. As part of the ESOP agreement, United CEO Stephen Wolf resigned and took a consulting job with Lazard Freres, the investment company he leases to advise the US board of directors during the purchase process of the ESOP. Stewart Oran, the main legal advisor of the pilot union, received a $ 5.5 million sponsorship package to join the new employee-owned company management as a legal advisor after the ESOP was established. The United States, has a greater voice in running the company, then successfully bargained for a significant salary increase, but the effect is only short-term. Employees rank and file locked into their stock, which was eventually erased bankruptcy. It was around this period (in 1993) that United introduced a gray and blue color scheme. It has been criticized that the color scheme is mixed with darkness during night operations.
The turn of the 21st century
In 1997, United founded Star Alliance with Air Canada, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines and Thai Airways. In the same year, United opened the Southwest US hub at Los Angeles International Airport.
In 1995, United became the launch carrier for the Boeing 777-200 and had significant input on its design. It was also the first airline to introduce twin-jets in commercial services.
In 1997 John Cooperstock, an engineer for Sony Corp., and an assistant professor at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, created untied.com , a website that records complaints about services in United, including Premier Class subscribers. The name untied.com transforms two letters from the name "Unite." Kevin Simpson of Denver Post said in 2000 that "The Untied.com phenomenon reflects an online trend in consumer activism that has captured a dissatisfied flying public this holiday season this summer."
In 1998, Delta Air Lines and United introduced a marketing partnership that included a reciprocal redemption agreement between SkyMiles and Mileage Plus programs and a shared lounge. This scheme enables frequent flier program members to both get miles across both operators and utilize both operator's waiting rooms. Delta and United are trying to forge even more kozier codeshare relationships, but this deal is effectively killed by the ALPA. The marketing partnership ended in a divorce in 2003, but paved the way for future alliances with US Airways.
In May 2000, United announced plans to acquire US Airways competitors in a complex deal worth $ 11.6 billion . The offer immediately invited the scorn of the consumer groups and employees of both airlines. The following year, regulatory sentiment was against the deal, and United withdrew the offer just before the Justice Department banned the merger on antitrust grounds in July. Both airlines then formed a friendly partnership that brought the entry of US Airways into the Star Alliance.
May 2000 also sees a contract dispute between United and its pilot union. The pilots want their payments to be returned to existing levels before cuts in salaries and concessions taken to fund the ESOP. Plotting a busy summer, United counts his pilots flying overtime. However, pilots can not be forced to work overtime, and most pilots refuse to fly additional hours. Although United know they have to cancel many flights if this happens, they do not hire new pilots to cover up potential shortages. During the summer, United must cancel most of its schedules in its main centers. Finally, CEO Jim Goodwin and the rest of management had to get the pilot back in the cockpits and quickly offered the pilot a 48% increase for four years with up to 28% upfront.
The September 11, 2001 attacks
As part of the September 11, 2001 attacks, two of the four hijacked planes were United aircraft. One aircraft is the N612UA, a Boeing 767-200 operating as United Airlines Flight 175, flown to the South Tower of the World Trade Center. The other is the N591UA, a Boeing 757-222 operating as United Airlines Flight 93, which crashed in rural Pennsylvania after passengers fought back behind the hijackers, and allegedly directed to the United States Capitol building according to DHS.
Bankruptcy and reorganization
With a strong presence on the West Coast, United benefited from a dot-com boom that increased traffic (especially premium traffic) to the San Francisco hub. The increase was only temporary and when the bubble finally exploded, United was in a worse position than ever because it failed to keep costs under control, possibly because it gave a pilot up to 28% increase in the summer of 2000. with a hit, post 9/11 network decrease in air travel and skyrocketing oil prices, the company lost $ 2.14 billion in 2001 on revenue of $ 16.14 billion . That same year, United filed for a $ 1.5 billion loan from the Federal Air Transport Stabilization Agency established after the September 11 attacks. When the IAM union failed to agree on loan guarantees - while all other unions approved it - the request was rejected at the end of 2002 and the company was forced to seek debtor-in-possession funding from commercial sources to cover expected losses in the future. United made several attempts to get government loans, even asking some congressmen and senators to ask for help. The government rejected an application that claims United "may be able to earn $ 2 billion in the financing needed to emerge from an unsecured federal loan protection".
Unable to secure additional capital, UAL Corporation filed for bankruptcy protection of Chapter 11 in December 2002. The ESOP terminated, though by then its share had become virtually worthless. Blaming bankruptcy has fallen on 9/11, which sparked a financial crisis in all major North American airlines, coupled with an ongoing economic slowdown.
United continued to operate during its bankruptcy, but was forced to cut costs drastically. Tens of thousands of workers were stifled, and all city ticket offices in the US were closed. The airline canceled several existing and planned routes and eliminated all Latin American gateways and crew bases at Miami International Airport after March 1, 2004. In addition, they reduced their main fleet from 557 (before 9/11) to 460 aircraft.
At the same time, airlines continue to invest in new projects. On November 12, 2003, he launched a new low-cost carrier, Ted, to compete with other low-cost carriers. In 2004 launched its luxury "p". (for "premium service" services) on Boeing 757-200 which is reconfigured from JFK Airport in New York City to Los Angeles and San Francisco. This service is targeted to business customers and top-class leisure customers in the beach-to-coast market. In February 2004, the airline introduced a new Blue and White livery with Blue Tulip in the tail section to coincide with a new advertising campaign.
The financial pressure on the airline was heavy. The SARS outbreak in 2003 hit traffic across the vast Pacific network at United. The jump in jet fuel prices undermined the rest of United's gains. United adopted some tariff increases on overseas routes, citing rising fuel costs, in 2004 and 2005. Two days after its successful first flight to Vietnam, United announced that it would reduce the US flight capacity by 14% after the holidays and add more international flights, which is more profitable.
United took advantage of the Chapter 11 status to negotiate hard-to-cut costs with employees, suppliers and contractors, including cancellation of feeder contracts with United Express operator Atlantic Coast Airlines (which became Air of Independence) and Air Wisconsin (which became US). Carrier of Airways Express).
The most controversial of all, however, was the cancellation of a 2005 retirement plan, which was the biggest failure in US corporate history. It renegotiates his contract with the pilot and mechanical union and the Aviation Officers Association to pay less. Critics are also addressed to CEO, Glenn Tilton, for demanding salary deductions from employees while receiving the highest salary of any major US CEO.
Originally scheduled to break out of bankruptcy protection after 2½ years in the third quarter of 2005, United demanded another extension given the high fuel prices. On August 26, 2005, the bankruptcy court extended the exclusive rights of the airline to submit a reorganization plan to November 1, although it also stated emphatically that this extension would be the last. United announced at the same time raised $ 3 billion in out-financing and proposed Reorganization Plans, as announced, on September 7, 2005.
The bankruptcy court approved the restructuring plan on January 20, 2006, paving the way for United to break out of bankruptcy on February 1, 2006, and eventually returned to normal operation.
Beyond Chapter 11
On December 9, 2004, the airline made history when the UA869, operated by Boeing 747-400, landed in Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), Vietnam. Scheduled flights from San Francisco via Hong Kong (SFO-HKG-SGN) were the first by US carriers since the end of the Vietnam War, when Pan Am stopped service shortly before the fall of Saigon in 1975.
United's management is calling for consolidation in the industry and looking for applicants in 2006. The Wall Street Journal revealed in late 2006, that Continental Airlines held a merger discussion with United. A deal is not "certain or imminent," with the talks being in the initial state. For a while, it improved its relationship with British BMI and Aloha Airlines operators. In April 2007, United and British carrier BMI announced that they would 'effectively combine their trans-Atlantic operations'. The combined operation will begin in March 2008, but the Lufthansa takeover of the BMI prevents the two carrier plans when the transatlantic flight of BMI is stopped. United May 2007 acquisition of equity stake in Aloha Airlines long-time partner was short-lived as Aloha ceased operations in March 2008. On June 14, 2007, CFO Jake Brace said his company is still looking to tie a knot with a suitable merger partner.
In the years after United stepped out of bankruptcy, two major financial firms, Bank of America and Fidelity Investments, accumulated shares to become the second-largest owner with an 11 percent stake in the company. As mentioned earlier, the industrial environment is mature with the pressure to join and consolidate. Pardus Capital Management LP, a hedge fund that has 7 million Delta shares and 5.6 million United stock spots, called for two operator joined. This action sent both airlines shares up but this was short-lived and became contentious because Delta married Northwest.
The jump in jet fuel prices causes a disruption of the impending start of a non-stop long distance service. Although the FAA has given SFO to Guangzhou, China to United, they are delaying the launch by quoting high fuel prices. Other long-distance cities, such as the 2009 app to fly between Los Angeles and Shanghai (which began in May 2011) were rejected by the FAA.
During times of turmoil caused by external forces, United explores options to rebuild its financial footing and raise capital. These changes include:
- Divest Maintenance, Repair and Repair operations in SFO.
- Rotate the cargo division.
- Play Mileage Plus frequent flyer program.
These spin-offs and divestments have not produced results.
On February 19, 2008, Westin Hotels & amp; Resorts announced a new partnership with United in which Westin will provide products from their Heavenly Bed line in p.s. route.
In May 2008, the American Customer Satisfaction Index scored United Airlines's second last among US-based carriers in customer satisfaction with a 21% decline since the study began in 1994 and a 11% decline from a year earlier.
On June 12, 2008, United announced it would charge $ 15 for the first checked bag, becoming the second US airline to do so, the first being American Airlines. The allegations, though not affecting every United flight, were created in an effort to offset high fuel prices.
On June 28, 2008, United announced the suspension of several international routes including San Francisco-Nagoya and Chicago - Mexico City.
On September 8, 2008, UAL's share price fell nearly 99% in fifteen minutes to $ 0.01 US amid other bankruptcy rumors, before NASDAQ suspended interim trade. The rumor was traced to an old story on the South Florida Sun-Sentinel site about the 2002 bankruptcy taken by Google News and later presented by Bloomberg LP as a farewell story. Stock prices then recover most of its value. On February 1, 2006, United emerged from the protection of Chapter 11 bankruptcy in which it operated since December 9, 2002, the largest and longest airline bankruptcy case in industrial history.
On April 27, 2008, it was reported that UAL Corporation and US Airways Group, Inc. are in the advanced stages of merger negotiations as well. Sources stated that the merger is expected to be announced within two weeks of the report. The United pilots vigorously rejected the proposal and vowed to fight it. The Star Alliance founder, Lufthansa CEO Wolfgang Mayrhuber, threw his support behind the marriage of United and US Airways carrier partners.
On June 4, 2008, United announced it would close its Ted unit and reconfigure it to the mainline configuration, to compensate for the removal of Boeing 737 of United to be retired. The retirement plans include Boeing 737 and Boeing 747, reducing the main fleet from 460 to 359 aircraft and advancing the airline's goal of cutting domestic capacity by 15 percent. On January 6, 2009, Ted ended operations turning his entire fleet into United's main fleet. All Ted flights were converted into United's main flights.
In January 2009, United announced a code-sharing agreement with Aer Lingus for flights between Washington Dulles and Madrid. Aer Lingus will operate the service, which is allowed under a recent open sky agreement between the US and EU.
In 2009, United held a broad partnership with Continental Airlines. This partnership includes codeshare and frequent flyer agreements. As part of the deal, Continental left SkyTeam and joined the Star Alliance. Elite members of each airline's frequent flyer program receive benefits from both airlines.
In May 2009, the US Department of Transport assessed the eleventh UAL among 19 US carriers in lost, damaged, delayed or stolen luggage with 3.67 complaints per 1,000 passengers. In July 2009, a viral music video, "United Breaks Guitars" was released about disputed baggage claims broken with the airline. United said it wanted to use the video as a staff training tool to help the company improve its internal "corporate culture" relating to its customer relationships in its service area.
On October 28, 2009, United flew the last flight of Boeing 737 as UA Flight 737. Flight retirement flies from Washington-Dulles to San Francisco via Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, and Los Angeles, United's main hub. Pensions United 737 is very important, because it is a US launch customer of the 737 family in 1967, and operates this type of variant for 42 years. While United retired the 737 they had in 2009, the airline finally regained the 737 with a merger with Continental.
Recession 2009, fuel efficiency issues and new jet orders
In April 2009, United eliminated the ability to contact customer service, leaving the reservation agent as the only accessible contact for the airline.
In June 2009, United requested manufacturers of Boeing and Airbus to submit proposals to sell airlines up to 150 jets in a winning-take-all competition. United took advantage of falling sales in both aircraft makers to reap a sharp fall in prices; the large size of these prospective orders will also affect the price. The Wall Street Journal cites the average age of four types of jets in United's fleet as follows:
- Boeing 747-400 - 13 years
- Boeing 777-200ER - 10 years
- Boeing 767-300ER - 14 years
- Boeing 757-200 - 17 years Mergers with Continental
- Boeing Air Transport (formed in 1927)
- National Air Transport (formed in 1925)
- Pacific Air Transport (formed in 1926)
- Varney Air Lines (formed in 1926)
- Capital Airlines (formed in 1936, merged into United Airlines in 1961)
- Continental Airlines (formed in 1934, joining United Airlines in 2010)
- Air Micronesia (formed in 1968 as a division of Continental Airlines, then Continental Micronesia and merged into Continental Airlines in 2010)
- New York Air (formed in 1980, merged into Continental Airlines in 1987)
- Pioneer Airlines (formed in 1939, merged into Continental Airlines in 1955)
- People Express Airlines (PEOPLExpress) (formed in 1981, merged into Continental Airlines in 1987)
- Frontier Airlines (formed in 1950, joined People Express Airlines in 1986)
- Arizona Airways (formed in 1942, merged into Frontier Airlines in 1950)
- Central Airlines (formed in 1949, merged into Frontier Airlines in 1967)
- Challenger Airlines (formed in 1941, merged into Frontier Airlines in 1950)
- Monarch Airlines (formed in 1946, joined Frontier Airlines in 1950)
- Frontier Airlines (formed in 1950, joined People Express Airlines in 1986)
- Texas International Airlines (formed in 1944 as Trans-Texas Airways (TTa), Continental Airlines merged with Texas Air in 1982, with Texas Air changing its name to Continental)
Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) (Formed in 1927, the Pacific Division was acquired and merged into United in 1985, the international traffic rights of Heathrow Airport acquired by and joined United in 1990. Pan Am was subsequently forced to declaring bankruptcy in 1991) - "The Extra Care Airline (1963-1964)
- "When you're friendly, you do things for people" (1971)
- "The Great Wide Way to New York" (1971-1972)
- "Your Land is Our Land" (1972)
- "The Friendly Skies of your land" (also known as "Mother Country", 1973-1976)
- "You are the boss" (1976-1977),
- "Unite we fly" (1977-1978)
- "Unite along the way" (1979-1980)
- "That's about the friendly sky" (1980)
- "You do not just fly, you fly with Friendly Skies" (mid 1980s)
- "Official Olympic Flight 1984" (Olympics 1984)
- "From the bottom up, reinforced to give you the service you deserve.Close the friendly sky" (Late 1980s)
- "Let's fly the airline that brings the world together Let's brighten the Friendly Skies" (late 1980s)
- "Let's fly our Friendly Skies" (Initial ESOP year)
- "U.S. Olympic Team Airline" (Used during the 1988 Olympics)
- "Unite. Rising." during the late 1990s
- "Let's fly in the hometown of Chicago, come on in the friendly sky."
- "Feeling United... United... The United World... Remains United... United" (late 1990s)
- "It is important for mankind to remain united"
- "Life is travel - traveling well, united"
- "We Are United" after the September 11 attacks; used until 2004
- "Relax, Stretch Out" with the launch of EconomyPlus
- "It's time to fly" (2004-2010) It's used for animated advertisements (voiced by Robert Redford), banners, and magazine ads from campaigns first introduced during Super Bowl XXXVIII. The campaign was reintroduced in August 2008 when United aired five new TV ads during the 2008 Summer Olympics.
- "Let's fly together" (2010-2013)
- "Before they moved us, we moved it."/"Proud to fly the USA Team for over 30 years." (2012-Present) (Used during the 2012 Summer Olympics to promote United as the official airline of the US Olympic Team for over 30. Matt Damon does voice over for United Team USA ads, aired during NBC's Olympic showcase on July 27, 2012.)
- "Fly to Friendly Skies" (2013-present)
- Eastwood A.B. and Roach J.R. List of Jet Airliner Production Volume 1 - Boeing. 2003. Aviation Hobby Stores. ISBNÃ, 0-907178-97-9.
- "Making Fly the World's Largest Airline." BusinessWeek . February 2, 2012.
- Untied Airlines (the website that criticizes United Airlines)
On April 16, 2010, United resumed merger talks with Continental. The board of directors of United Airlines Continental and UAL Corporation reached an agreement to merge operations to create the world's largest carrier on May 2, 2010. Combined operators will take the name of United Airlines but use the Continental logo and livery. The airline will be headquartered in Chicago and Continental CEO Jeff Smisek will be the CEO of the joint airline. This incorporation relies on shareholders and regulatory approvals.
The Continental-United incorporation is approved by the European Union.
Continental and United Airlines revealed a new logo, based on the Continental logo, which will be used for United post-merger. On August 27, 2010, the US Justice Department approved the Continental-United Merger. This is partly because United and Continental agreed to lease 18 takeoffs and 18 landing slots at Newark Liberty International Airport to Southwest Airlines. On September 17, 2010, United's shareholders approved a merger deal with Continental Airlines. The two operators plan to start merger operations in 2011 to form the world's largest carrier and are expected to receive a single operating certificate by the end of 2011. Single Continental operation certificates (SOC) (the name "United") must be maintained, while United and Air Micronesia will give up. On the other hand, United's maintenance certificate will survive and Continental will fail.
On October 1, 2010, UAL Corporation (the parent company of United Airlines) completed the acquisition of Continental Airlines and changed its name to United Continental Holdings, Inc. Although both airlines remain separate until the operational integration is complete (in mid-2012), by mid-2011 the two airlines are controlled corporately by the same management. United and Continental announced that United Mileage Plus would be the only remaining frequent flyer program of both airlines, and renamed the frequent flyer program to MileagePlus.
The airline received a single operation certificate from FAA on November 30, 2011.
United Airlines, Inc. joined Continental Airlines, Inc., with Continental Airlines, Inc. as a living corporate entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of UAL Corporation, on March 31, 2013. Continental Airlines Inc. made the decision to change the name to United Airlines to preserve the brand equity built-in legacy of United Airlines' pre-merger.
2013 good
The US Department of Transportation fined United $ 1.1 million for a long tarmak delay at O'Hare International Airport in July 2012. It was the biggest fine to leave passengers trapped on planes. The fines for 13 flights brought a total of 939 passengers who were delayed more than three hours during lightning and lightning storms on July 13, 2012. Some flights are just 2 minutes over the limit, but one held 4 hours and 17 minutes. Two United Express regional flights have a WC that can not be operated during part of the delay.
Aviation aviation 2015
On Tuesday, June 2, 2015, all United Airlines flights were blocked.
On Wednesday, July 8, 2015, all United Airlines flights were blocked again for more than 2 hours after computer errors. The error was blamed on router failure.
Context 2017 deletion contribution
On April 9, 2017, Dr David Dao was forcibly removed from United Express Flight 3411 who was injured in the process. After the plane has fully boarded up four members of staff presented themselves to the flight. The company offered compensation to the seated passengers to hand over their seats but no volunteers and four selected passengers were then told that they had to leave the plane. Dr Dao refused this instruction and law enforcement officers were summoned. This activity was recorded by several passengers and the officials and publicity generated and the handling of subsequent incidents by United Airlines was a PR disaster.
2018 planned growth until 2020
In January 2018, United plans to grow its company by adding between 4% and 6% of its passenger capacity this year and maintaining that growth by 2020; this news caused all inventories of US airlines to fall in value.
Maps History of United Airlines
predecessor
United Airlines is a combination of a number of airlines that have joined each other from the 1930s, with the latest being Continental Airlines (who previously joined or acquired several airlines during its history) to reflect a change in both focus. United and US air transport markets. \
United was originally formed in 1931 from the merger of four airlines:
Other predecessor airlines that form United Airlines today include:
Much of this acquisition and merger was completed by Continental Airlines when the airline was under the ownership and control of Texas Air Corporation from 1982 to 1987. During that time period, New York Air and Texas International Airlines (already owned by Texas Air Corporation before this company acquired Continental) merged into Continental. Texas Air Corporation later acquired PEOPLExpress Airlines (which previously acquired Frontier Airlines) and then folded the airline to Continental as well. As for United, before joining Continental, it acquired Capital Airlines in the 1960s and has also purchased the Pan Am Pacific Division as well as the Pan Amat transatlantic route right to Heathrow Airport during the 1980s.
Brand history
Historical logo
United adopted the red, white and blue shield logo in 1936, but its use varied greatly and was finally abandoned altogether in the early 1970s. Prior to 1974 and after the use of the shield logo was stopped, United's advertisements and billboards were usually advertised to customers to "Come Fly Friendly with Persians" in a font that was identical to the "Unite" font in the "Friendship" livery of the early 1970s.
In 1973, the airline commissioned designer Saul Bass to develop new logos and livery. At the time, there was no real logo for the airline and Bass noted that the direction of the brand is not clear. The "tulips" logo of the colored stripes representing the overlapping letter "U" s used starting in 1974, with only slight modifications, until the Continental merger. The "Rainbow" (or "Saul Bass") livery, which first features "tulips", has mainly white planes, with red, orange and blue stripes along the "foul line". This pattern remained in use for 19 years, with a slight update in 1988 that moved the colored lines under the fuselage to allow the letter "UNITED" to be larger than before. Marketing has continued with the slogan "Fly the Friendly Skies," and during this era United gained the right to use "Gerswhin's Rhapsody in Blue", which began to be heard in broadcast ads. In addition to the 1979 introduction of one word "AIRLINES" (again appearing as "UNITED AIRLINES") in advertising and printed materials, Bass branding will remain until early 1993.
At the request of CEO Stephen Wolf, in 1993, United revised its branding and livery entirely, with the collaboration of CKS Group, into a giant plane of gray and dark, with blue stripes on the tail. Font Times New Roman custom, reading "UNITED AIRLINES" in white, replacing the previous Saul Bass style letter. The familiar "tulip" logo persists, albeit slightly smaller. As a tribute to the previous livery, the narrow red, orange and blue stripes appear between dark gray and dark blue. The so-called "Battleship" livery is intended to project a global image that is more like a business for the airline, which is growing rapidly internationally. Indeed, the words "Worldwide Services" are displayed near the front of the aircraft. Of course, marks and printed materials reflect the changes, often using light blue on a dark-tailed plane design of a tail-tail, along with newly updated fonts and, of course, "tulips."
In 1997, United commissioned the Pentagram to update the brand. Pentagram soon decided to keep the "tulips", given its strong brand recognition. Pentagram designed a new "UNITED" font that appeared in ads, marks and printed materials, but did not appear on the plane itself until the next livery redesign from United. This arrived on February 18, 2004, when the "Rising Blue" (or "Blue Tulip") livery was introduced, meant to signal a fresh start after the company went out of bankruptcy protection. Apparently, United's bankruptcy took longer to complete than expected; consequently the new branding is actually launched two years earlier. The fresh livery features a white top plane, replacing the dark gray of the previous design, and using lighter shades of blue for airplane, tail and engine stomachs. In an echo of the two previous mascots, a series of increasingly lighter blue stripes lies between the upper white and blue upper body at the bottom of the plane. The tail of this plane features an enlarged and clipped version of the "tulips" shaded in a bluish tint.
On May 3, 2010, it was announced that United and Continental Airlines would join. The joint carrier took United's name but used Continental airline "identity" and livery "airline", designed in 1991 by Lippincott's company.
Mark Bergsrud, head of the new United Airlines marketing department, said the new logo reflects United's worldwide network and airline efforts to attract corporate clients. Bergsrud said, "It suits who we are.We are not a niche player like Hawaii, whose livery reflects the islands.. Having some local talent is harder for an airline like us.Would we want to stand out? Really, but spiffy searches should only be falling to a lower priority level. "After United announced its new logo, supporters of United's previous logo started a Facebook group called" Save the United Airlines Tulip "to convince the airline to change its logo back to U, or" tulip ". The decision was also said to be unpopular with many marketing experts and graphic designers, claiming that "tulips" have stronger brand recognition and are a stronger sign than the Continental globe. Much criticism was directed at CEO Jeff Smisek, who firmly acknowledged that he and former United CEO Glenn Tilton personally came up with his own "brand" and his own livery, with no outside input or consulting with the company's marketing department.
In conjunction with the newly adopted livery, in August 2010 the letters "United" were updated according to the previous Continental font type, but presented entirely in capital letters and slightly adjusted to have similarities with the previous United style. The merger was approved in September 2010, and the two companies merged on October 1, 2010.
Two United aircraft in regular service utilize a legacy paint scheme. The N75436 is a Boeing 737-900ER acquired in Continental merging, painted in the 1950s Continental "Blue Skyways" livery. The other is the N475UA, the legacy of United Airbus A320 which commemorates the flag of United Stars and Bars of the 1970s. The aircraft was previously painted in Ted color and also operated with Blue Tulip paint from 2009 to the end of 2010, when painted into the current livery.
Eleven other aircraft, including five Boeing 777-200ERs, one Boeing 767-400ER, one Boeing 767-300ER, one Boeing 757-200, two Boeing 737-800s and one Boeing 737-700, were painted with Star Alliance livery.
Slogan
The preliminary slogan of "The Main Line Airway," emphasizing the signature of the New York-Chicago-San Francisco route, was replaced in 1965 with "Fly the Friendly Skies." The friendly sky tagline was used until 1996, but revived on September 20, 2013. Other United slogans include:
History of the fleet
References
Bibliography
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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