Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

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The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series (often abbreviated to Cup Series ) is the top racing series of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). Named for current sponsor, Monster Energy, but has been known by other names in the past. The series began in 1949 as the Strictly Stock Series, and from 1950 to 1970 known as the Grand National Series. In 1971, when the series began renting its naming rights. to RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, it is referred to as the Winston Cup Series. A similar agreement was made with Nextel in 2003, and it became Nextel Cup Series (2004). -2007). Sprint acquired Nextel in 2005, and in 2008 the series changed its name to Sprint Cup Series , which lasted until 2016. In December 2016, it was announced that Monster Energy will be a new title sponsor starting in 2017.

The championship is determined by the points system, with the points given in accordance with the final placement and the number of rounds led. Season divided into two segments. After the first 26 races, 16 riders, chosen primarily based on the win for the first 26 races, are seeded based on their total winning numbers. They compete in the last ten races, where the difference points are greatly minimized. This is called NASCAR playoff.

The series has strong roots in the Southeastern United States, with half of the races in the 36-race season being held in the region. The current schedule includes tracks from across the United States. Previous regular season races are held in Canada, and exhibition competitions are held in Japan and Australia. Daytona 500, the most prestigious race, has a television audience of about 11.9 million US viewers by 2017.

Cup Series cars are unique racing cars. The engines are powerful enough to reach speeds of over 200 mph (320 km/h), but their weight coupled with a relatively simple aerodynamic package makes for poor handling. Body and car chassis are strictly regulated to ensure parity, and electronics are traditionally very simple.

Video Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

Histori

Strictly Stock dan Grand National

In 1949, NASCAR introduced the Strictly Stock division, having introduced the Modified and Roadster division race in 1948. Eight races run on seven ovals and on Daytona Beach beach/road.

The first "Strictly Stock" NASCAR race was held at Charlotte Speedway on June 19, 1949. Jim Roper was named the winner of the race after Glenn Dunaway was disqualified for having turned the rear springs in his car; The first winner of the series is Red Byron. The division was renamed "Grand National" for the 1950 season, reflecting NASCAR's intention to make sport more professional and prestigious. It retained this name until 1971. The 1949 Strictly Stock season is considered in NASCAR's notebook as the first season of GN/Cup history. Martinsville Speedway is the only lane on the 1949 schedule that remains on the current schedule.

Rather than having a fixed schedule of one race per weekend with most attendees appearing at every event, the Grand National schedule has included over sixty shows in a few years. There are often two or three races on the same weekend and sometimes two races on the same day in different states.

In the early years, most Grand National races were held on short underground oval tracks ranging in lap lengths from under a quarter of a mile to over half a mile, or on an oval field oven typically ranging from half a mile to a mile in round length. One hundred ninety-eight of the first 221 Grand National races run on a dirt track. Darlington Raceway, opened in 1950, is the first paved path on a one mile (1.6 km) circuit. In 1959, when Daytona International Speedway was opened, his schedule still had more races on the track than on a paved road. In the 1960s when superspeedways were built and traces of old ground paved, the number of races that run on the path of the land was reduced.

The last NASCAR race on the track was held on September 30, 1970 at the Speedway State Fairgrounds half a mile in Raleigh, North Carolina. Richard Petty won the race in Plymouth that Petty Enterprises had sold to Don Robertson and was hired back by Petty Enterprises for the race.

Winston Cup

Between 1971 and 2003, the NASCAR series premiered the Winston Cup Series. It's sponsored by the tobacco brand R. J. Reynolds Company Winston Tobacco. In 1971, the Public Smoking Cigarette Act banned cigarette television advertisements. As a result, tobacco companies began sponsoring sporting events as a way to spend their excessive advertising money and to avoid a ban on Smoking Public Health Cigarettes on television commercials. RJR's support becomes more controversial after the 1998 Tobacco Industry Establishment that sharply limits the way for tobacco advertising, including sports sponsorship.

Changes resulting from RJR involvement in the series as well as from schedule reductions from 48 to 31 races per year were established in 1972 as the beginning of the "modern era" of NASCAR. The season is made shorter, and the points system has been modified several times over the next four years. Races on ground tracks and on oval tracks shorter than 250 miles (402 kilometers) were removed from the schedule, and transferred to the short-lived NASCAR Grand National East Series. NASCAR founder Bill France Sr., handed NASCAR control to his eldest son, Bill France Jr. In August 1974, France Jr. asked the publisher of the Bob Latford series to design a points system with the same points awarded for all races regardless of length or prize money. This system ensures that top drivers must compete in all races to become the series champions. The system remained unchanged from 1975 until Chase for the Championship was founded in 2004.

Since 1982, the Daytona 500 has been the first non-exhibition race of the year.

ABC Sports aired a full or partial live broadcast of the Grand National race from Talladega, North Wilkesboro, Darlington, Charlotte, and Nashville in 1970. Because these events were considered less attractive than many of the Grand National races, ABC ignored their live coverage. Races is even broadcasted, postponed and edited, on ABC's Wide World of Sports sporting event.

In 1979, the Daytona 500 became the first national car race to be broadcast from flag to flag on CBS. Leaders go to the last round, Cale Yarborough and Donnie Allison, smashing backstretch while dicing to lead, allowing Richard Petty to pass both of them to win. Soon, Yarborough, Allison, and Allison's brother, Bobby, got into a dispute on national television. It underscores the drama and emotion of the sport and enhances its marketing power. Fortunately for NASCAR, the race coincided with a massive snow storm on the east coast of the United States, successfully introducing the sport to the listener.

In 1981, an award ceremony began to be held in New York City on the first Friday night in December. The first dinner was held at the Waldorf-Astoria Starlight Room and in 1985 it was moved to a much larger Grand Ballroom. But in 2001, the share of the ban was canceled for a simpler rewards ceremony. And in 2002, the award ceremony was transferred to the Hammerstein Ballroom at the Manhattan Center. However, in 2003, the celebrations returned to the Waldorf Grand Ballroom, and the banquet format was restored.

In 1985, Winston introduced a new award program called Winston Million. From 1985 to 1997, every driver who won three of the four most prestigious races in the series was given a million dollars. The prize is won only twice; Bill Elliott won in 1985, Darrell Waltrip nearly won in 1989, Dale Jarrett almost won in 1996, and Jeff Gordon won in 1997. Winston Million was replaced with a similar program, Winston No Bull Five, in 1998. The program was awarded a million dollars for every driver who won the prestigious race after finishing in the top five most prestigious competitions.

The series suffered a massive popularity boom in the 1990s. In 1994, NASCAR held its first 400 Brickyard at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Between 1997 and 1998, the prize money winner for the Daytona 500 tripled. This coincided with a decline in popularity in the American Championship Car Racing.

In 1999, NASCAR made a new agreement with Fox Broadcasting, Turner Broadcasting, and NBC. The contract, signed for eight years for Fox and six years for NBC and Turner, is worth $ 2.4 billion.

In 2001, Pixar visited the NASCAR track as a study for the 2006 animated film Cars, which included the sound of NASCAR drivers Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt Jr.. To avoid tobacco advertising in Disney movies, "Piston Cup" is presented as a Pixar allusion to the Winston Cup.

Nextel and Sprint

In late 2003, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco's sponsorship contract expires, and NASCAR negotiates a contract with Nextel, a telecommunications company. In 2004, this series was known as Nextel Cup Series.

The 2006 merger between Sprint and Nextel resulted in the Series Cup being renamed the Sprint Cup, starting with the 2008 season.

The Sprint Cup Cup was designed by Tiffany & amp; Co and silver, with a pair of plaid flags in flight.

In 2009, the popularity boom in the 1990s has ended, and television ratings over the previous ten years have become more or less stagnant. Some long-time fans criticize the series for losing its traditional charm for leaving its place in the southeastern United States in favor of new markets. They also voiced dissatisfaction over Toyota's presence in this series. Japanese telecom company SoftBank acquired Sprint in July 2013. While NASCAR is suspicious of promoting diversity and realizing the negative implications of the redneck image, it also recognizes opportunities to expand sports. NASCAR CEO Brian France has been a prime target for criticism among fans.

In 2016, NASCAR announced the creation of a charter system, which will guarantee 36 teams going into all 36 races. The eligibility for the charter will depend on the team's efforts to qualify for every race in the previous three seasons. In conjunction with this rule, NASCAR also reduces Cup Cup size to 40 cars.

Chasing for Cup

Along with changes in title sponsorship for the series, the 2004 season also introduced a new system to determine the series champion, influenced by the system used in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series.

Originally known as the Chase for the Nextel Cup (or just "The Chase" , and then changed to Sprint branding), ten racers and teams with the highest score (plus bond) in The first 26 races of the season became eligible to win the championship by competing in the playoffs held in the last ten races. This number increased to 12 teams in 2007. Chase participants have their points increased to a level that can not be mathematically achieved by anyone outside this field (approximately 1,800 points ahead of the first driver outside Chase). From Chase's pursuit in 2004 to Chase 2006, the riders were seeded by point position at the end of the regular season, with first place starting with 5,050 points and tenth place starting with 5.005. From 2007 to 2010, the total points of each driver made Chase reset to 5,000 points, plus ten additional points for every race victory during the first 26 races. Points will remain as usual as long as the race is affected. The driver who leads in points after the 36th race will be declared a champion.

As part of a major change in the points system that prevailed in 2011, the qualifying criteria and reset points also changed. From 2011 to 2013, ten drivers with the most points automatically qualify for Chase. They are joined by two wild card qualifiers, especially two riders with the most races that are between 11 and 20 in the rider points. Their total base points are then reset to 2,000 points, a level more than 1,000 points higher than the first driver outside Chase. (Under the new points system, race winners can earn a maximum of 48 points, compared to 195 on pre-2011 system.) Ten qualifiers automatically receive a three-point bonus for each victory during the regular season, while two wild card qualifiers do not receive such bonuses. As in the past, the race layout for the remaining ten races was the same, without any changes to the scoring system. On November 20, 2011, Tony Stewart and Carl Edwards ended the season with a first point tie. Five seasons Stewart won over Edwards' win gave Stewart a tie breaker. Therefore he was named the winner of the 2011 NASCAR Series Championship.

For 2014, NASCAR announces major changes to the Chase format:

• The Chase drivers group officially became the NASCAR Sprint Cup Chase Grid .
• The number of qualified drivers for Chase Grid ranges from 12 to 16.
• Fifteen of the 16 points on the Chase Grid are reserved for the racer with most of the winning races for the first 26 races. The remaining place is reserved for leader points after 26 races, but only if the driver has no victory. If fewer than 16 riders win in the first 26 races, the remaining Chase Grid places are filled by unsuccessful drivers based on points earned for that season. All drivers at Chase Grid continue to have their driver points set to 2,000 before Chase, with a bonus of three points for every win in the first 26 races.
• The chase is now divided into four rounds. After each of the first three rounds, four Chase Grid drivers with the least number of points for the season are eliminated from the Grid and from the Championship competition. All drivers in the Grid who win the race in the first three rounds automatically advance to the next round. All the racers eliminated from Chase have changed their points back to points they started at the start of Round 16, (race 27) plus any points acquisition, using a regular-season point scheme only (no Round 12, or Round Eight reset points). In 2016, Chase for Championship, formerly known as the Challenger, Contender, and Eliminator rounds, was turned into Round 16, Round 12, and Round 8.
  • Round 16 (Race 27-29)
    • Beginning with 16 drivers, each with 2,000 points, plus 3 points bonus for every win in the first 26 races
  • Round 12 (Race 30-32)
    • Started with 12 drivers, each with 3,000 points
  • Round of Eight (Race 33-35)
    • Start with eight drivers, each with 4,000 points
  • Championship Four (last race)
    • The last four riders in the battle for the season title start the race with 5,000 points, with the highest finish in the Cup Series winning contest. No bonus points are awarded for rounds led or most rounds for all four drivers. If one of the Four Championship drivers wins the race, the maximum point they can get is 40.

To encourage sustained competition among all drivers, a number of awards are given to drivers who end up outside Chase. The highest non-Chase driver (13th place at the end of the 2007-2013 season and potentially anywhere from fifth to 17th place starting in 2014) gets a bonus of about a million dollars, and is initially given a position on stage at the award banquet post-season. Banquet awards now only focus on Chase, with all the sponsored awards and contingency series moving to lunch at Cipriani the day before the banquet.

The playoff system is applied primarily to make the race points more competitive at the end of the season, and indirectly, to improve television ratings during the NFL season, which starts around the same time as Chase begins. Chase also forced the team to do their best for three stages of the season, the first half of the regular season, the second half of the regular season, and Chase.

Previously, the champions could be determined before the last race, or even several races before the end of the season, as it is mathematically impossible for other riders to get enough points to overtake the leader.

Monster Energy

The title sponsorship with Sprint ends after the 2016 season. On December 1, 2016, NASCAR announced it had reached an agreement with Monster Energy to become the new sponsor of the NASCAR main series. On December 19, 2016, NASCAR announced new names for the NASCAR Cup Series, Monster Energy series as well as new series logos and the new NASCAR logo. On April 11, 2018, Monster Energy announced the extension of their sponsorship of the series until the end of the 2019 season.

In 2017, stage racing is introduced. The race was split into three stages, four in the case of the longest Energy Monster Series, the Coca-Cola 600 series. A stage consisting of a normal green flag racing followed by a stopping in a designated round marked by waving a green and white checkered flag, then a flag yellow. Top-10 finishers in each of the first two stages are awarded championship points bonuses, 10 points for winners, 9 points for 2nd place car, down to 1 point for car spot 10. Points earned are added to the total points of regular season driver/owners, while the stage winners receive additional points added to their total points, after reset, if they go into NASCAR playoffs. The length of the stage varies by track, but the first two stages usually combine to about half of the race. The final stage (which still pays championship points for all drivers) is usually the same as the other half. Also, the regular season point championships are awarded to drivers who score the most points in the first 26 races (regular season). This championship does not give any bonus points to the winning driver. Otherwise, the points system and playoff format remain the same.

Maps Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series

Drivers Championship

The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Drivers' Championship was awarded by the NASCAR Chairman for the most successful Series Cup racers for a season, as determined by the points system based on race and victory results. First awarded in 1949 to Red Byron, 32 different racers have won the Championship. The first riders to win many of the Championships were Herb Thomas in 1951 and 1953, while the record for the most championships, seven, was shared by Richard Petty, Dale Earnhardt, and Jimmie Johnson. Johnson has a record for most Championships in a row; he won five Championships from 2006 to 2010. So far every Champion comes from the United States.

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Owner Championship

The Series Cup Ownership Championship operates in the same manner as the Driver Championship, except that points are awarded to each private car. If an owner enters more than one car, every car is seen and rated as a separate entity. The points in the Ownership Championship are identical to the Racers list, with one small exception: Unqualified drivers to earn points to the title Racer can still earn points towards the Ownership Championship. This example occurs in the first race under the current points system, Daytona 500 2011. Under other newly applied rules for the 2011 season, drivers are only allowed to get driver points in one of three national NASCAR series. Trevor Bayne, who won the race, did not get the racer points because he chose to run for the National Series championship. However, he earned 47 points owners for Wood Brothers Racing (43 basis points, three bonus points for victory, and one bonus point to lead the round).

Prior to major changes to the point system implemented in 2011, there was a slightly different addition to the owner point allocation system. If more than 43 cars attempt to qualify for the race, the owner points are awarded to each car in the following manner: the fastest non-qualified (essentially, the 44th position) receives 31 points, three fewer points than the car in the 43rd position. If more than one car is not eligible, owner points continue to be set in the manner described, decreasing by three for each position. Under the post-2010 point system, only cars that actually start in certain races are earning owner points.

There is a separate "Chase for the Championship" for owner points.

The 2005 regulatory change in the three national NASCAR series, which will be lifted in the 2013 season, affects how point owners are used. During the 2012 season, the big 35 (NASCAR Cup Series) or 30 other full-time (other series) teams at owner points are given exceptions for the next race, which ensures their position in the race. These points determine who is coming in and who is out of the next race and has become important because the release rules are changed to the current format. At the end of each season, the top 35 competitors in owner points are also locked in the first five races of next season.

Starting in 2013, the rules will return to systems that are more similar to pre-2005 rules. In the NASCAR Cup Series, the first 36 places on the field will be determined strictly by the qualifying pace. The next six places will be awarded to the points owner, with the last place reserved for the last Series Champion. If final exemption is not used because all past Champion already exists in the field, it will be passed to another car based on the number of owner points.

In some circumstances, team owner points will differ from the respective driver points. In 2005, after owner Jack Roush fired Kurt Busch during the next race weekend of the season, the No. team. 97 finishes in eighth place at owner points, while Busch ends in tenth position at driver points. In 2002, when Sterling Marlin was injured, team No. 40 ranks eighth in the points of owners, while Marlin is 18th in the points of the racers, due to substitute racers Jamie McMurray and Mike Bliss, who continue to earn owner points for No. 1. 40. Another example is the Daytona 500 2011 mentioned above.

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Manufacturers Championship

Manufacturer Championships are awarded every year, even though the Driver Championship is considered more prestigious. In the past, the prestigious manufacturer championship because of the number of manufacturers involved, and the manufacturer's championship were the main marketing tools. In the Xfinity Series, this championship is known as the Bill France Performance Cup.

Until the 2013 season, points were printed in the Formula One system from 1960-1990, with the winning manufacturers scoring nine points, six for the next manufacturer, four for the third manufacturer among brands, three for the fourth, two for the fifth, and a point for the manufacturer. positioned sixth. This means that if Chevrolet is placed first to tenth in a particular race and Ford is 11th and Dodge 12th, Chevrolet earns 9 points, Ford 6 and Dodge 4. Beginning in 2014, NASCAR changed the system to imitate the Ownership Championship. Under this system, the best completion representatives of each manufacturer effectively earn the same number of points as the team, including any bonus points from leading the round or winning the event.

Representation

In the early years of NASCAR, there were various machines, with little support from the car company itself, but by the mid-1960s, exclusive participation was an American manufacturer with factory support. Chrysler, Ford and General Motors are major competitors, if not only, for most of NASCAR's history. Plymouth, though somewhat successful in the 1960s with Hemi, never won the Producers Championship until Ford withdrew from racing in the early 1970s. GM still used four different brands at NASCAR in 1991, but within three years, Buick and Oldsmobile were gone. Pontiac survived until 2004, leaving only the Chevrolet. 2007 saw the first brand new since 1971, when the Japanese manufacturer Toyota joined. The Dodge Chrysler brand came back after 15 years absence in 2001, but departs after 2012, leaving only Chevrolet, Ford and Toyota.

Chevrolet has become the most successful producer in August 2015, with 749 race wins and 38 producer championships. Ford ranks second with 636 wins and 15 manufacturing championships. Dodge was third in the 217 victory, Plymouth fourth with 190, and Pontiac's fifth with 155. Toyota currently ranks 9th all the time, with 74 wins.

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Car cup

Cup Series cars (often called "Cup cars") follow the rear-wheel-drive front engine design. The roll cage serves as a chassis chassis and is covered by a 24-gauge sheet metal body. They have a closed cockpit, fenders, rear spoiler, and aerodynamic splitter. Dividing a car for a season is usually worth $ 10-20 million. Each team can build its own car and engine (as per NASCAR specifications) or buy cars and engines from other teams.

These cars are powered by an EFI V8 engine with solidified graphite iron blocks and a valvetrains pushrod that drives two valves per cylinder, and is limited to 358 cubic inches (about 5.8 liters) of displacement. However, modern technology has enabled output power near 900 horsepower (670 kW) in unlimited form while maintaining a conventional basic engine design. In fact, before NASCAR instituted the gear rules, the Cup machine was capable of operating more than 10,000 rpm. A NASCAR Cup Series machine with a maximum bore of 4.185 inches (106.3 millimeters) and a stroke of 3.25 inches (82.55 millimeters) at 9,000 rpm has an average piston speed of 80.44 fps (24.75 m/s). The Contemporary Cup machine runs 9,800 rpm, 87.59 fps (26.95 m/s), on road shows, on the front stretch of Pocono Raceway, and on the Martinsville Speedway. On the backbone of a tri-oval track of 1.5 to 2.0 mil NASCAR, the engine generates over 850 hp running 92-9400 rpm for 500 miles, 600 miles for the Coca-Cola 600 Charlotte race.

The front suspension is a double wishbone design, while the rear suspension is a two-link live shaft design using a trailing arm. Brake rotors must be made of cast iron or magnetic steel and should not exceed 12.72 inches (32.3 cm) in diameter. The only aerodynamic components of the vehicle are front splitter, spoiler, NACA channel in windows only, and side skirts. The use of rear diffusers, vortex generators, canards, wheel well vent, hood hoods, and undertrays is strictly prohibited. While the car can reach speeds of around 200 mph (321.8 km/h) on certain tracks, Russ Wicks drives stock cars built to NASCAR 244.9 mph (394.1 km/h) specifications during a speed record attempt at the Bonneville Salt House Organize in October 2007.

Engine The NASCAR Cup Series carries the Freescale-provided electronic control unit, but traction control and anti-lock brakes are prohibited. Direct telemetry is only used for broadcast television, but the data can be recorded from the ECU to the computer if the car is in the garage and not on the track.

The trophy cars are required to have at least 1 windshield wiper mounted on the car for 2 segments (Sonoma and Watkins Glen), as part of a road racing package package.

Evolution of the Cup car

1949-1980

When this series was formed under the name, tight stock , the cars were just that, unmodified production vehicles allowed. The term stock car implies that a racing vehicle is an unmodified street car. Drivers will race with plant-mounted bench seats and AM radio still in the car. To prevent broken glass from the racecourse, the window will be lowered, the external light will be removed or taped, and the wing mirror will be removed. The 1957 fuel injected 150 Chevrolet models (known as "black widow") was the first car banned by NASCAR. The 1957 Chevrolet won most of the race, with 59 wins, more than any car ever raced in the trophy series. Before the mid-1960s, cars were usually based on full-sized cars like the Chevrolet Bel Air and Ford Galaxie. Beginning in 1966, medium-size cars including the Ford Fairlane and Plymouth Belvedere were adopted and soon became the norm.

NASCAR once upheld homologation rules which at various times stated that at least 500 cars had to be produced, or as much as one car for every make dealer in the country had to be sold to the general public to enable it to be seized. Finally, the car is made firmly for the NASCAR competition, including Ford Torino Talladega, which has a round nose, and the Dodge Charger Daytona and Plymouth Superbird that have rear wings raised above the roof level and shark-shaped nose cover that allows the racing speed to be exactly 200 mph. The Ford-based Mercury Spoiler powered by the Ford Boss 429 engine is timed at 199.6 mph. Beginning in 1971, NASCAR rewrote the rules to effectively force special cars Ford and Chrysler out of competition by restricting them to 305ci (5.0L). Cars affected by this rule include Ford Talladega, Mercury Spoiler II, Dodge Charger 500, Daytona Dodge Charger and Plymouth Superbird. This rule is very effective in limiting the performance that only one car ever tried to run in this configuration.

In 1971, NASCAR damaged a larger engine with a limiting plate. In 1972, NASCAR was phased out in the rules to lower the maximum engine displacement from 429 cubic inches (7.0 liters) to 358 cubic inches today (5.8 liters). The transition was not completed until 1974 and coincided with an American manufacturer that ended the support of the racing factory and the 1973 oil crisis.

1981-2007

The circulation of American cars in the late 1970s posed a challenge for NASCAR. The rules require a minimum wheelbase of 115 inches (2,900 mm), but after 1979, no model was approved for competition to meet the standards, since medium-sized cars now have a wheelbase between 105 and 112 inches. After maintaining the old model (1977 for GM made, and 1979 for Ford and Dodge) until 1980, for the 1981 season the wheelbase requirement was reduced to 110 inches (2,800 mm), which newer model cars could be stretched to meet without affecting their appearance. The Buick Regal with a "shovel" sweeping nose back initially dominated the competition, followed by a round, 1983 Aerodynamic Ford Thunderbird. Chevrolet Monte Carlo and Pontiac Grand Prix adopted a back window bubble to stay competitive. In the midst of its financial woes, and after lowering its poor performance (both on race track and for consumer sales) Dodge Mirada and Chrysler Cordoba in 1983, Chrysler Corporation left NASCAR entirely at the end of the 1985 season.

1987 marks a remarkable milestone, but then unfortunately for the NASCAR Cup Series car. The remarkable thing happened during Winston 500 qualifying when Bill Elliott set a world car record when he booked 212,809 mph (342 km/h). Then the unfortunate happened; during the 22nd round of the race, the driver of Bobby Allison suffered a flat tire in the middle of the Talladega Superspeedway's tri-oval. Allison's car hit the fence and knocked down a hole in the fence about 100 feet (30 m). Several spectators were injured in the accident, including a woman who lost her eyes. In the aftermath of the accident, NASCAR mandated the use of bounding plates at Talladega Superspeedway and Daytona International Speedway to reduce speed.

In 1989 GM had shifted its intermediate models to V6 and front-wheel-drive engines, but the NASCAR rider retained only the shape of the body, with the old V8 rear-wheel drive gear, obsolete as a "stock" of nature. from cars. When Ford Thunderbird retired after 1997, without Ford having a two-door intermediary, a four-door Ford Taurus body was used (though the NASCAR racer did not actually have an opening door).

While the manufacturers and models of cars used in racing are named for production cars (Dodge Charger R/T, Chevrolet Impala SS, Toyota Camry, and Ford Fusion), the similarity between the NASCAR Cup Car series and the actual production car is limited to the small number of shaping and painting from the nose, headlights and tail lights, and grill area. Until 2003, hoods, roofs, and decklids still had to be identical to their stock counterparts.

It is at this point that NASCAR engages in the practice of mandate change of rules during the season if one particular car model becomes too dominant. This often leads to claims that some teams will try to do sandbags to receive more beneficial disabilities.

Because of Ford's famous Taurus racing style and how the manufacturer turned the car into an "offset" car (the car is famously asymmetrical in a racing race due to its oval shape), NASCAR terminates this practice to put more emphasis on parity. and based on new agency rules in 2003, similar to short track racing, where the offset car has become a burden for racing officials, resulting in the design "Approved Body Configuration".

Car of the Future (2007-2012)

In 2007, NASCAR introduced a new vehicle specification known as "Car of Tomorrow" (CoT). The CoT made its debut at Bristol Motor Speedway in March 2007. Originally, it was only used on 16 selected shows. While NASCAR was originally planned to wait until the start of the 2009 season to use CoT in every race, the dates were changed to the start of the 2008 season. Many drivers still have complaints about CoT, but the new timeline is meant to help the team save money by just giving one car specification to work on.

The CoT design focuses on cost control, parity, and driver safety. The width of the car increases by 4 inches (10 cm), the bumper is redesigned to make bumps and runs less effective tactics, and the height of the car has increased 2 inches (5 cm) to accommodate higher drivers and improve dragging aerodynamics. The driver's seat is moved closer to the center of the car. The most notable change for fans is the addition of the rear wing that replaces the familiar spoiler. The wings can be adjusted between 0 and 16 degrees and are used with multiple end plate configurations.

The new rules eliminate the asymmetrical body of the car, which has been rampant since the release of Taurus 1998. However, almost all the advantages of using one car over another have been canceled. NASCAR requires all CoTs to adapt to common body templates, regardless of make and model.

The rear wing remains a controversial feature for several years. His appearance is often criticized, and is accused of forcing the car to become airborne in high-speed spins as experienced by Carl Edwards during the Aaron Harun 499 at Talladega Superspeedway. In 2010 NASCAR decided to replace the wing with the original spoiler. The transition began with Goody's Fast Pain Relief 500 in 2010 at Martinsville Speedway.

In 2011, NASCAR changed the car's nose once again, with the splitter reduced in size and braces replaced by strong valence ahead.

Large engine changes occur in 2012 with the introduction of NASCAR fuel injection technology. Initially NASCAR indicated it would make the transition to fuel injections in mid-2011 but decided before the season to delay the changes until 2012.

Cars Generation 6 (2013-present)

In 2013, manufacturers were given a higher leeway to mark their NASCAR Cup Series car, creating the Sixth Generation race car. This change is done so that the cars will resemble their street counterparts closer, as did the Xfinity Series in 2011.

All NASCAR Cup Series cars start using digital dashboards sold by McLaren in 2016. This dash includes sixteen adjustable preset screens, allowing the driver to monitor all previous info with some additional elements such as lap times and machine diagnostics, for a total of twenty -the amount of data elements. Information can be displayed as a gauge, number, bar graph or LED.

Settings

Car suspension, brake, and aerodynamic components are also selected to fit the car into different racetracks. A car that understeers it is said to be "tight," or "push," causing the car to continue to ride the track with the wheel spinning to the left, while the oversteers are said to be "loose" or "free," causing the rear end of the car to slide around, car rotates if the driver is not careful. Adjustment of front and rear aerodynamic downforce, spring rate, track bar geometry, brake proportions, wedge (also known as cross-weight), altering camber angles, and changing air pressure in tires can alter the distribution of troops between tires during cornering to correct handling problems. Recently, the coil coil arrangement has become popular among teams.

This characteristic is also influenced by the tire stagger (different circumferential tires at different positions on the car, the right rear having the greatest influence on the left turn) and the rubber compound used in the tire construction. This setting is determined by NASCAR and Goodyear engineers and may not be customized by each team.

Changing weather conditions may also affect car handling. In a long race, it is sometimes advantageous to prepare the car to handle well at the end of the show while handing in profits from the pace at the start. Rain forced the race to be halted immediately because there is no current provision for rain tires. While rain tires were developed for the series in the late 1990s, NASCAR left them because there were not enough road courses on schedule to justify the cost of making more tires to replace them when they were older. The NASCAR Cup Series Energy Monster uses this tire in practice sessions, but only the Xfinity Series uses it in true race conditions. However, there is one case of NASCAR Cup Series races held in the rain. In 1956, a race at Road America was held in the rain; The Flock team won the race.

Specifications

• Chassis : Steel pipe frame with integral safety roll frame - must meet NASCAR standard
• Machine switching : 5.86 L (358 cuÃ, in) Pushrod V8
• Transmission : 4-speed manual
• Weight : 3,325 pounds (1,508 kg) minimum without driver and fuel; Â £ 3,450 (1,565 kg) minimum with driver and fuel
• Power output : 725 hp (541 kW) unrestricted; 445 hp (332 kW) with bounding plate (2015)
• Torque : 720Ã, N? m (530Ã, ft? lb)
• Fuel : Sunoco 260 GTX 90 MON, 98 RON, 94 AKI without lead 85% Sunoco Green Ethanol E15 15%
• Fuel capacity : 17.75 USÃ, gal (67Ã, L) most tracks
• Fuel delivery : Port fuel injection
• Fuel injection type : McLaren
• ECU Provider : MES Freescale TAG-400N
• Compression rate : 12: 1
• Aspiration : Kissed naturally
• Wheelbase : 110Ã, in (2,794 mm)
• Steering : Power, recycle ball
• Tires : Slick tires provided by Goodyear
• Security tools : HANS device, 6-point safety belt supplied by Willans, Sabelt (Optional: seven-point safety belt)

src: hanabi.autoweek.com

Cup Cup

Currently, the NASCAR Cup Series Energy Monster is held primarily in the eastern state, with only six songs located west of the Mississippi River. NASCAR Cup Series Race is not performed on standard tracks; 2017 season includes 21 oval tracks and 2 roads. The lap length of the oval track varies from.526 miles (0.847 km) on the Martinsville Speedway to 2.66 miles (4.28 km) on Talladega Superspeedway. The majority of oval tracks are paved with asphalt, while 3 tracks are entirely or partially paved with concrete. Although this series has historically raced on a dirt track, it has not done so since 1970.

While some tracks are real ovals, such as Bristol Motor Speedway, more than half of the tracks currently in the Cup competition are tri-oval shapes. Other configurations include the uneven Darlington Raceway "egg" shape, the triangular, and rectangular Pocono Toll Road from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

While NASCAR is known primarily to operate counter-clockwise on oval tracks, Sonoma Raceway and Watkins Glen International are complex path programs that go clockwise. The first series course was held in 1954, at Linden Airport in New Jersey. Since 1963, the series has followed at least one road course each year.

Courses have a wide range of banking in the corners. New Hampshire Motor Speedway, with 7 degrees of banking, has the most flat angle, while the steepest banking is Talladega Superspeedway 33 degrees. Tracks also vary in the number of banks in straightaways, from completely flat in many programs up to 9 degrees at Dover International Speedway.

The speed of the race varies greatly depending on the track. The fastest line is the Talladega Superspeedway, where the average speed record is 188,344 mph (303,126 km/h) and the record qualifying lap is 212,809 mph (342,483 km/h), set by Bill Elliott in 1987. The standing record is unlikely to be broken, because the limiting plate was made compulsory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speed. The slowest track is the Sonoma Raceway, the highway with an average speed record of only 83.6 mph (134.5 km/h) and a 99.3 mph qualifying lap record (159.8 km/h), and Martinsville Speedway, a short , an almost flat "paper clip" oval, with an average speed record of 82.2 mph (132.3 km/h) and a 99.9 mph qualifying lap record (160.8 km/h). The average speed of the race is determined by dividing the winner's race time (from raising a green flag to raising a checkered flag, including laps carefully spent) by race distance. The elapsed time during the red flag period is not included in the average speed calculation.

src: i.ytimg.com

Cup Series records

src: www.johnsoncitypress.com

See also

• 2018 NASCAR Cup Series Energy Monster
• List of NASCAR Monster Cup Series champions
• The winner of the all-time NASCAR Cup Series
• List of NASCAR teams
• List of NASCAR drivers
• List of NASCAR racing tracks
• Stock car races
• Can-Am Duel
• Daytona 500
• Xfinity Series
• Camping World Truck Series
• Sprint Cup (trophy)
• NASCAR rules and regulations

src: kickinthetires.net

References

src: kickinthetires.net

External links

• Official website
• Racing Reference

Source of the article : Wikipedia