Water filters remove impurities by lowering water contamination using fine physical barriers, chemical processes, or biological processes. Filters clean water to various levels for purposes such as providing agricultural irrigation, accessible water, public and private aquariums, and the use of safe pools and swimming pools.
Video Water filter
Metode penyaringan
Filters use sieving, adsorption, ion exchange and other processes to remove unwanted substances from water. Unlike filters or screens, filters can potentially eliminate much smaller particles than water holes.
Maps Water filter
Type
Filter water treatment plant
Types of water filters include media filters, screen filters, disk filters, slow sand filter beds, quick sand filters, fabric filters, and biological filters such as algal scrubbers.
Point-of-use filters
Point-of-use filters for home use include active-granular carbon filters (GACs) used for carbon filtering, depth filters, metal alloy filters, microporous ceramic filters, carbon block resins (CBRs), microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. Some filters use more than one filtering method. An example of this is a multi-barrier system. Filter jug ​​â € <â € The flowmatic cartridge style filter is a 10-inch (254 mm) diameter cylinder with a diameter of 2.5 inches (64 mm). They are manufactured by several manufactures and are available in the ranking of 1-50 microns as well as activated carbon. Point-of-use microfiltration devices can be directly installed in water outlets (faucets, showers) to protect users against Legionella spp. , Pseudomonas spp. , non-opaque Mycobacteria, Escherichia coli and other potentially harmful water pathogens by providing a barrier for them and/or minimizing patient exposure. Portable water filter
Water filters are used by pedestrians, relief organizations during humanitarian and military emergencies. These filters are usually small, portable and lightweight (1-2 pounds/0.5-1.0 kg or less), and usually filter water by using mechanical hand pumps, although some use siphon infusion systems to force water through while others are built into a water bottle. Dirty water is pumped through a flexible filtered silicone tube screen through a special filter, which ends in a container. This filter serves to remove bacteria, protozoans and microbes that can cause disease. Filters may have fine meshes that need to be replaced or cleaned, and ceramic filters should be abstracted outside when it has been clogged with dirt.
This water filter should not be equated with devices or tablets that disinfect water that excludes or kills viruses such as hepatitis A and rotavirus. Certification
in the United States
Three organizations are accredited by the American National Standards Institute, and each of them certifies products using the standards of the American National Standard Institute/National Science Foundation. Each Standard of the National Institute of America/Standard of the National Science Foundation requires verification of claims for contaminant reduction performance, unit evaluation, including material and structural integrity, and review of product labels and sales literature. Each states that the home water treatment unit meets or exceeds the National Institute of Standards and the Environmental Protection Agency drank standard water. The American National Institute/National Science Foundation standard is issued in two different sets, one for health problems (such as the removal of specific contaminants (Standard 53, Health Effects) and one for aesthetic problems (Aesthetic Effects, such as enhancing the taste or appearance of water) Certification from the organization -the organization will determine one or both of these specific standards.
NSF International
NSF International as it is now known started out as the National Sanitation Foundation in 1944 at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. The NSF Water Treatment Equipment Certification Program requires extensive product testing and auditing without notice of production facilities. One of the goals of this is not for profit organizations is to provide assurance to consumers that the water treatment devices they purchase meet national standard design, materials, and performance requirements.
Underwriters Laboratories
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., is an accredited independent testing and certification organization that states home water treatment units that meet or exceed EPA and the American National Standards/National Science Foundation drinking water standards for contaminant reduction, aesthetic problems, structural integrity and security materials.
Water Quality Association
The Water Quality Association is a trading organization that tests water treatment equipment, and provides Gold Seals for systems that meet or exceed ANSI/NSF standards for contaminant reduction performance, structural integrity, and material safety.
Filters using reverse osmosis, labeled as "an absolute micron filter," or labeled as certified by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - an accredited organization for the American National Standards/National Science Foundation Standard 53 for "Cyst Elimination" providing the greatest assurance to issue Cryptosporidium. As with all filters, follow the manufacturer's instructions for filter usage and replacement.
Polishing water
The term water polishing can refer to a process that removes small particulate matter (usually microscopically), or removes very low concentrations of solute from water. Process and means vary from setting to setting: an aquarium filter manufacturer can claim that its filter does water polishing by capturing "microparticles" in nylon or polyester pads only as a chemical engineer can use the term to refer to the removal of the magnetic resin from the solution by passing the above solution magnetic particle mat. In this sense, water polishing is just another term for the whole water filtration system. Polishing is also done on a large scale in water reclamation plants.
History
During the 19th and 20th centuries, water filters for domestic water production were generally divided into slow sand filters and quick sand filters (also called American mechanical filters and filters). Although there were many small-scale water filtration systems before 1800, Paisley, Scotland was generally recognized as the first city to receive filtered water for the entire city. The Paisley filter began operation in 1804 and was the initial type of slow sand filter. Throughout the 1800s, hundreds of slow sand filters were built in Britain and in continental Europe. An intermittent slow sand filter was built and operated in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1893 due to the ongoing epidemic of typhoid fever caused by contamination of water supply waste. The first continually operating slow sand filter was designed by Allen Hazen for the city of Albany, New York in 1897. The most comprehensive water filtration history was published by Moses N. Baker in 1948 and reprinted in 1981.
In the 1800s, mechanical filtration was an industrial process that relied on the addition of aluminum sulfate prior to filtration. The filtration rate for mechanical filtration is typically over 60 times faster than slow sand filters, requiring significantly less land. The first modern mechanical filtration plant in the US was built in Little Falls, New Jersey for the East Jersey Water Company. George W. Fuller designed and oversaw the construction of a factory that began operating in 1902. In 1924, John R. Baylis developed a fixed grid backwash assistance system consisting of pipes with nozzles that inject water jets into the filter material during the expansion.
See also
- Wash back (water treatment)
- Carbon filtering
- Distillation
- Reverse osmosis
- Reverse osmosis generator
- Sand separator
- Depositing container
- Sanitation pool
- Water softening
- Fluxion Media Kinetic Degradation
References
External links
- Media related to the Water filter in Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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