The history of BMW motorcycles began in 1921 when the company started producing machines for other companies. Motorcycle manufacturing now operates under the BMW Motorrad brand. BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG) introduced the first motorcycle under its name, R32, from 1923 to 1925.
Video History of BMW motorcycles
Motorcycle history
Pre-1921
BMW began in 1916 as the reorganization of Rapp Motorenwerke, a manufacturer of aircraft engines that started production before World War I. With the Armistice, the Versailles Treaty banned Germany's air force and aircraft manufacture in Germany, allowing the company to switch to the manufacture of air brakes, industrial machinery, agricultural machinery , equipment boxes and office furniture and then to motorcycles and cars.
1921-1945
In 1921, BMW began producing its M2B15 flat-twin engine. Designed by Max Friz for use as a portable industrial machine, the M2B15 is widely used by motorcycle manufacturers, especially Victoria of Nuremberg, and Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in their Helios motorcycles. Friz is also working on a car engine.
BMW joined the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in 1922, inheriting from their Helios motorbike and a small two-stroke motorcycle called Flink. In 1923, BMW was the first in a crank line with two horizontally cooled air-cooled cylinder engines designed by Friz. The R32 has a 486 cc engine (29.7 cubic inches) with 8.5 hp (6.3 kW) and a top speed of 95 to 100 km/h (59 to 62 mph). Machines and gearboxes form a single unit of bolts. While many motorcycle manufacturers use total-loss oil systems, the new BMW engine features a recycling wet oil filler system with an infusion feed for roller bearings. The system was used by BMW until 1969, when they adopted a "high pressure oil" system based on shell bearings and tight spacing, still in use today.
R32 becomes the basis for all future BMW-powered boxer motorcycles. BMW-oriented boxer engines with cylinder heads projecting out on each side for cooling as did previous British ABCs. Other motorcycle manufacturers, including Douglas and Harley-Davidson, align the cylinder with the frame, one cylinder facing the front wheel and the other toward the rear wheels. R32 also incorporates the drive shaft. BMW continued to use the drive shaft on the motorcycle and did not produce a chain model driven until the introduction of the F650 in 1994.
In 1925, BMW introduced the R39, a single cylinder 250 cc motor. It was unsuccessful and discontinued in 1927. In 1931, BMW introduced a single axle driven R2, which, as a 200 cc motor, could be operated in Germany without a motorcycle license at that time. R2 heads a series of one-cylinder BMW motorcycles, including R4 400Ã, cc in 1932 and R3 300 cc in 1936.
The BMW R12 and R17, both introduced in 1935, were the first production bikes with a hydraulically damped telescopic fork.
In 1937, Ernst Henne rode a super-charged 500 cc (31 cubic-inch) BMW 173.88 mph overhead camshaft (279.83 km/h), set a world record that stood for 14 years.
In 1938, R71 Air cooled, 746cc, Boxer, side valves introduced with licenses went to Russia where they were built in Russia and Ukraine as M72 and later in China as Chang Jiang.
During World War II Wehrmacht needed as many vehicles as possible from all types and many other German companies were asked to build motorcycles. The R75 performed very well in the harsh operating environment of the North African Campaign. Motorcycles of every style have been done well in Europe, but, in the desert, the protruding cylinders of flat-twin engines perform better than other configurations that overheat in the sun. Drive shafts also perform better than chain-drives damaged by desert sand.
The US Army recorded this advantage and asked Harley-Davidson, Indian, and Delco to produce motorcycles similar to the BMW R71 side valves. Harley-Davidson copied BMW engines and transmissions - only converting metric measurements into inches - and producing 750 cc drive shaft (46 cubic inches) of 1942 Harley-Davidson XA.
1945-1955
End of World War II finds BMW in ruins. His factory outside of Munich was destroyed by Allied bombing. The Eisenach facility, though severely damaged, is not completely destroyed, and equipment and machinery have been safely stored nearby. Contrary to popular accounts, the facility was not dismantled by the Soviets as a reparation and sent to the Soviet Union to be reassembled at Irbit to make IMZ-Ural motorcycles; The IMZ plant was supplied to the Soviets by BMW under license before the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. After the war, most BMW engineers were taken to the US or the Soviet Union to continue the work they had done on engine jets with BMW during the war.
German surrender provisions prohibit BMW from making motorcycles. In 1947, when BMW received permission to restart motorcycle production from US authorities in Bavaria, BMW had to start from scratch. There are no plans, blueprints, or schematic drawings because they are all in Eisenach. Company engineers had to use pre-war motorcycles that were still there to copy the bikes. The first post-war BMW motorcycle in West Germany, a 250 cc R24, was produced in 1948. R24 was inversely engineered from pre-war R23 with some improvements over the R23, and was the only postwar BMW West Germany without a back suspension. In 1949, BMW produced 9,200 units and in 1950 production surpassed 17,000 units.
BMW boxer twins manufactured from 1950 to 1956 include 500 cc R51/2 and 24 hp (18 kW) R51/3 models, 600 cc 26 hp (19 kW) R67, 28 hp (21 kW) R67/2 and R67/3, and sport models 35Ã, hp (26Ã, kW) 600Ã, cc R68. All of these models come with rear plunger suspension, telescopic front fork, and chrome, affected drive shafts. Except for the R68, all these twins come with front and front fenders.
The situation was very different in Soviet-controlled East Germany where the single BMW motorcycle factory in Eisenach produced the R35 and several R75 motors for reparation. This resulted in a BMW motorcycle factory in Eisenach between 1945 and 1948 and two existing motorcycle companies between 1948 and 1952. One was the BMW in Munich in West Germany (then the Federal Republic of Germany) and the other in the controlled Eisenach Soviet, East Germany (later the Democratic Republic of Germany), both of which use the name of BMW. Finally in 1952, after the Soviets handed the factory control to the East German Government, and following a trademark suit, the factory was named EMW (Eisenacher Motoren Werke). Instead of blue and white round BMW, EMW uses a very similar red-and-white bundle as its logo. No motorcycles were made in East Germany after World War II produced under the authority of BMW in Munich because it did not have to have an occupying power to gain such authority. The BMW R35 motorcycle was manufactured at Eisenach until 1952, when they became EMW.
1955-1969
When 1950 flourished, motorcycle sales dropped dramatically. In 1957, three major German BMW rivals went out of business. In 1954, BMW produced 30,000 motorcycles. By 1957, that number was less than 5,500.
In 1955, BMW began introducing new motorcycles with Earles forks and closed drive shafts. This is 26Ã, hp (19Ã, kW) 500Ã, cc R50, 30Ã, hp (22Ã,kW) 600Ã, cc R60, and 35Ã, hp (26Ã,kW) sporting 600Ã, cc R69.
On June 8, 1959, John Penton drove the BMW R69 from New York to Los Angeles in 53 hours and 11 minutes, cutting 24 hours from the previous 77 hour and 53 minute record set by Earl Robinson at 45Ã, cubic inches (740 cc) Harley -Davidson.
Despite strong US BMW motorcycle sales, BMW is experiencing financial problems. Through a combination of aircraft engine sales and financing with the help of Herbert Quandt, BMW is able to survive. The turnaround was partly thanks to the increased success of BMW's automotive division. Since the beginning of manufacturing of motorcycles, BMW has periodically introduced a single cylinder model. In 1967, BMW offered the latter, R27. Most of BMW's offerings are still designed for use with sidecars. At this time sidecars are no longer a consideration for most riders; people are interested in sportier motorcycles.
The 26Ã, hp (19Ã,kW) R50/2, 30Ã, hp (22Ã, kW) R60/2, and 42Ã, hp (31Ã, kW) R69S mark the end of a BMW-enabled sidecar. From this era, some feel that the R69S remains the most desirable example of the "/2" ("slash-two") series known for its significantly larger engine strength than other models, among other unique features for this design.
For the 1968 and 1969 models only, BMW exported to the United States three "US" models. These are R50US, R60US, and R69US. On this motorcycle, no mounts are mounted on the frame and the front fork is a telescopic fork, which is then used worldwide in the 5-slash series of 1970 to 1973. The model of fork-ear is sold simultaneously in the United States as a buyer. have their front suspension option.
1970-1982
In 1970, BMW introduced a completely revamped product line of 500Ã,Â,Ã,Â,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,- mentioned above. The engine is a complete redesign. Rollers and ball bearings at the lower end have been replaced by shell-type journal bearings similar to those used in modern car engines. Camshaft, which is at the top of the engine, is placed beneath the crankshaft, providing better ground clearance under the cylinder while maintaining a low center of gravity of the twin-flat layout. The new engine has an electric starter, although the traditional kick starters mounted in the gearbox are maintained. The styles of the first model include chrome plated sides and adjustable tanks. Series/5 is given a longer rear swingarm, resulting in a longer wheelbase. This improves handling and allows larger batteries to be installed.
Model/5 is the first built in BMW's new motorcycle factory in Spandau, West Berlin. Motorcycle production has been moved from Milbertshofen factory in Munich to this plant, which has been built at a site previously occupied by the Siemens aircraft engine plant.
The/5 short-lived model, however, was replaced by another new product line in 1974. In that year the 500 cc model was removed from the lineup and the 900Ã, model, the larger cc introduced, as well as the five-speed gearbox. , and improvement of electrical system and frame geometry. These models are R60/6, R75/6 and R90/6. In 1973 the supersport model, the BMW R90S, was introduced. In 1975, the kick starter was finally knocked out.
In 1977, the product line switched to the "/7" model. R80/7 added to the line. Model R90 (898 cc), "/6" and model R90S replaced by updated version with 1,000 new cc; engine, R100/7, R100S and the new super sports model R100RS with full fairing. This sleek model, designed through wind tunnel testing, produces 70 hp (51 kW) and has a top speed of 200 km/h (124 mph). R100RS has a shorter back end ratio to overcome higher wind resistance than full fairing. Many period motorcycle tests in Germany (Das Motorrad) show it's actually a bit slower than the R100S with only 65 hp. In 1978, the R100RT was introduced into the lineup for the 1979 model, as BMW's first full-dress tour. The RS and RT fairings are very similar in appearance; However, the fairing RS is basically a light protector/shell and windscreen with no other functionality, while the RT shell is heavier and has two lockable glove box lockers, adjustable grille vents and windshield. The RT fairing is widely used for police motorcycles, with radio equipment in the fairing compartment.
In 1979, the R60 was replaced with R65 650 cc, an entry-level motor with 48 hp (36 kW) which has its own frame design. Due to its smaller size and better geometric, 18-inch (460 mm) front and rear wheels and very lightweight flywheel, it is an excellent bike that can easily survive and even escape from its bigger brothers when in the right hands on a winding road. BMW added a variant in 1982: R65LS, a "sportier" model with single disc brakes, dual disc brakes, rigid suspension and a different carburetor that adds 5 hp (4 kW).
1983-2003
In early 1983, BMW introduced a four-cylinder four-cylinder, 987cc, four-cylinder fuel injection engine to the European market, the K100. The K Series comes with a simplified and distinctive rear suspension, a one-sided swingarm. (In 1985 the traditional R80RT-powered touring bicycle received this monolever rear suspension system and in 1987 the R100RT accepted it).
In 1985, BMW introduced a three-cylinder version of 750 cc, this one smoothed with the first, a counterweight axle.
In 1986, BMW introduced an electrically adjustable windshield on the K100LT.
In 1988, BMW introduced ABS on its motorcycle. ABS became standard on all BMW K models. In 1993 ABS was first introduced in the BMW boxer line on the R1100RS. It has since become available as an option on the rest of the BMW motorcycle.
In 1989, BMW introduced its full-fairing sports bike version, K1. It's based on the K100 engine, but now with four valves per cylinder. Output is close to 100 hp (75 kW).
In 1995, BMW halted production of 2-valve airhead engines and moved the boxer's path completely to the 4-valve oilhead system first introduced in 1993.
During this period, BMW introduced a number of motorcycles including: The R Series (airheads) - R65GS, R80GS, R100GS, and R100gspd, are marketed to celebrate Paris's famous victory for the Dakar cross-country race by BMW airhead modified BMW. This model is highly coveted by BMW collectors and long-distance travelers 'around the world' for its reliability and ease of maintenance and repair.
The R1200C, produced from 1997 to 2004, is the only BMW entry into the Cruiser market. At the other end of the model lineup, the C1, produced from 2000 to 2002, is a closed scooter, the only scooter offered for sale by BMW.
Since 2004
K series
On September 25, 2004, BMW globally unveiled a radically redesigned K series motor, the K1200S, consisting of a new liquid-cooled four-cylinder inline engine featuring 123 kW (165 hp). The K1200S is primarily designed as a Super Sport motorcycle, though larger and heavier than its nearest Japanese competitor. Shortly after the launch of K1200S, the problem was discovered with a new power plant leading to withdrawal until early 2005, when a corrective change was put into effect.
In the years following the launch of the K1200S, BMW also launched the K1200R naked roadster, and the K1200GT sports tourer, which began appearing in the dealer showroom in spring (March-June) 2006. All three new K-series motorcycles are based on inline four-cylinder , with slightly different strength levels. In 2007, BMW added the K1200R Sport, a semi-faired sports tour version of the K1200R.
In October 2008, BMW unveiled three new 1300 cc K-series models: the K1300R, K1300S and K1300GT. The K1300 model has an engine capacity increase of 136 cc, increased power up to 175 hp (130 kW), new style fairings and new exhaust system.
In 2011, BMW unveiled two six-cylinder motorcycles, 1,600 cc, K1600GT and K1600GTL, the first intended as a sports-tour and the latter as a luxury tour model. The engine produces 160 hp (120 kW) and 129 Â £ lb (175? N? M). They also offer adaptive headlamps, traction control, ABS, tire pressure monitor, and various sound systems.
R series
In 2005, bikes with twin-cylinder twin-boxer engines were also revamped. The move of the new boxer is 1,170 cc (71 cubic inches). The engine is stronger, and all the bikes that use it are lighter than its predecessor.
The first motor to be launched with this updated engine is a dual-purpose R1200GS motor. Tourists R1200RT and R1200ST sports tour soon follow. BMW then introduced the 175à ¢, kg (386Ã,  £), 78à ¢ â,¬Â, kW (105Ã, hp) HP2 Enduro, and 223Ã, kg (492Ã, lb), 100Ã, hp (75Ã, kW) R1200GS Adventure, targeting off-road motorcycles and adventure-touring segments, respectively. In 2007, the Enduro HP2 merged with a biased road-biased HP2 megamoto equipped with small wheels and road tires.
In 2006, BMW unveiled the R1200R and R1200S, which were rated at 81 kW (109 hp) @ 7,500 rpm.
In 2014, BMW introduced a new partial water-cooled R1200RT unit with 125 hp (92 kW) at 7,750 rpm, 92 lb/ft (125 Nm) of torque at 6,500 rpm, and a wet clutch.
In 2015 BMW is introduced on R1200RT keyless ignition and color "San Marino blue".
The only change by BMW for the 2016 model year of the R1200RT is the available colors. "Platinum bronze metallic" has been added and the existing paint on Callisto gray metallic matt is no longer available.
All models of liquid-cooled boxer 2017 are equipped with a judder (definition: an example of rapid and strong dampers and vibration) on the transmission output shaft. New features also include revised drum actuator actuators, transmission shafts, and transmission shaft bearings. In addition to these technical changes, the 2017 R1200RT is available with optional Pro Pro, which feels sleek corners and adjusts the appropriate interventions (as part of the Ride Mode Pro option package). It is also available in two new colors: Carbon Black Metallic and Alpine White. Ebony Metallic and San Marino Blue Metallic are no longer available.
The only change for the 2018 model year is color. The bronze color disappears and in its place is a metallic red color, "Mars metallic red," with a dark metallic nose slate.
F series
BMW also paid attention to the F Series in 2006. It lowered the price on the existing F650GS and D6 F650GS, and eliminated the F650CS Scarver to make room in the lineup for the all-new F800 Series. The new motorcycle is powered by a parallel twin engine, built by Rotax. They have a belt drive system, similar to a belt drive found on the now defunct F650CS, or chain drive. Initially, BMW unveiled two new F800 Series models, the F800S sport bike and the F800ST sport tourer; this was followed by a dual-purpose motorcycle F650GS and F800GS, both of which used 798 cc engine despite having different names.
G series
In October 2006, following a change of nomenclature, BMW announced the G series of offroad motorcycles developed with Aprilia. It is fitted with a 50cc water-cooled single 50cc fuel injection engine that produces 53 hp (40 kW), similar to those mounted on a single cylinder F650GS, and fitted with chain drive. Initially, there were three models in the series, all produced for BMW by Aprilia at Scorz It's Northern Italy Factory, each focusing on a slightly different market:
- The G650 Xchallenge hard enduro features a 21-inch front wheel and an 18-inch rear wheel behind
- G650 Xcountry scrambler/adventure sports featuring 19-inch front and rear 17-inch rear wheels behind
- G650 Xmoto street moto/supermoto featuring 17-inch cast alloy wheels.
G450X, hard-enduro was introduced in 2007, and was halted in 2010.
At the end of 2010, BMW introduced the G650GS, the original F650GS version which was in-facelift and reworked.
HP2 Series
The first is 175Ã,® kg (386Ã, lb), 105Ã, hp (78Ã,kW) HP2 Enduro, followed by road-biased HP2 Megamoto equipped with small wheels and street tires in 2007.
In April 2007, BMW announced its comeback to competitive street racing, entering the factory team with "Sport Boxer" R1200S versions up to four 24-hour endurance races. In 2008 they released this as HP2 Sport.
S1000RR
The S1000RR is a motor sport that was launched to compete in the 2009 Superbike World Championship. It is powered by 999 cc (61 cuÃ, in) inline-four engines that produce 193 b bhp (144 kW).
Husqvarna acquisition
In 2007, BMW acquired Husqvarna Motorcycles, including its production facilities and staff, from the Italian manufacturer MV Agusta. On January 31, 2013, BMW announced that Pierer Industrie AG has purchased Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be disclosed by either party in the future.
Maps History of BMW motorcycles
Machine type
There are currently four BMW motorcycle lines:
- F & amp; G series singles
- twin series F
- R series
- K series
This series differs mainly in the machine classes used respectively.
F and G series single
The BMW F series single-cylinder motorcycle was first launched in 1994, as the F650, and was built by Aprilia around a 650 cc four-stroke carburetor, four-valve, single piston engine, and drive chain. The mission of the F-650 is to provide a beginner-level BMW motorcycle. In 2000, the F650 was redesigned, now with fuel injectors, and labeled F650GS. The off-road focused Dakar F650 model was also launched that year. 2002 saw the addition of F650CS 'Scarver' motorcycle to line up. The Scarver differs from the F650GS variant because it uses a belt drive system opposite to the chain, has a lower seat height, and is intended for street use. All F650 motors produced from 2000 to 2007 used a 652cc engine made in Austria by Rotax and built by BMW in Berlin.
At the end of 2006, the G series offroad biased motor was launched using the same 652 cc engine mounted on the F650GS, although the machine was no longer manufactured by Rotax. The latest version of the new 652cc single engine installed in the new G650GS is now manufactured in Berlin after 2 years of production at Loncin, China.
In November 2007, the motor sport enduro G450X was launched using a single cylinder engine 450 cc. The G450X contains some technological improvements over Japanese racing motorcycles off the road but the most unusual and significant is the use of a single pivot point for drive sprocket and swing arm. This unusual configuration allows for a very tense drive chain without slop and squat acceleration being eliminated. The previous benefits save on the use of chains and sprockets and the latter allows for more consistent drive geometry and full rear suspension travel available during heavy acceleration.
F series twins
In mid-2006, F Series added two new motorcycles to the lineup, F800S sports bike and F800ST sporting tourists, both using a 798 cc twin-twin engine made by Rotax. Both motorcycles also have belt drive systems similar to those used on the F650CS. In 2007, the F650GS single cylinder was replaced with the F800GS and F650GS twin-cylinder models. The latter uses a de-tuned version of a 798 cc engine mounted on the F800GS, marking the departure of the BMW naming convention.
R series flat-twins
The R series is built around a horizontal flat-twin (boxer) engine. When the engine is fitted with a longitudinal crankshaft, the cylinder head stands out far beyond the frame side. Initially, the R series bikes have air-cooled heads but are now produced only with partial oil cooling or water cooling. The type of internal combustion engine cooling used in various R series machines leads to the use of differentiator names of heads and retaining heads.
Airheads
Airheads are BMW motors with flat air-cooled engines built from 1923 to 1995. Most airheads made from 1969 to 1995 use BMW 247 engines, although 248/1 engines are used in mid-motorcycle R series from 1978 to 1993. Even high-performance motorcycles, such as the R90S use 247 engines; and its successor, the R100RS, equipped with an oil cooler.
Oilheads
An "Oilhead" is the name to describe the average twin-engine BMW engine with partial oil cooling, and to distinguish this engine from previous air-conditioned "Airhead" models. Oilhead finishing cylinders have conventional air conditioning, but four cylinder heads are oil cooled. Unlike previous BMW boxers who have a single camshaft in the crankcase (range above or below the crankshaft), Oilhead has a camshaft on each head. (It is still technically an ohv engine rather than a true sohc unit, as the camshaft is subjected to very short pushrods that operate the valve rocker). In 2013, BMW introduced a water cooler to its boxer range. The engine is still used in the BMW R 9 nine motor.
Water-cooled boxer machine
From 2013 (R1200GS), some BMW bikes have water-cooled heads, but (like oilheads), new engines still use air conditioners for cylinders. Approximately 34% of the cooling is associated with concentrated water cooling in the highest heat-producing areas such as around the seat of the exhausts, etc.
The inlet is now above the cylinder (not in the back as before) and the exhaust below (no longer in front).
R series single
Between the introduction of R39 in 1925 and the discontinuation of R27 in 1967, BMW made motorcycles with a single cylinder engine. This is similar in design to their larger twin-twin motorcycles, including the use of the drive shaft, but the engine is mounted vertically inside the frame.
K series straight series
K Series BMW has three water cooling machines (K75), or four (K100, K1100, K1200, K1300), or six (K1600) cylinders. Until 2004, all K series engines, whether three or four cylinders were the original "fly brick" layout, so-called because of the outward appearance of the machine. The original K engine layout is unique in a motorcycle where the engine is mounted lying on its side, with a crank on the right side of the bike and the cylinder head and valve gear on the left. This format has the advantage of allowing the drive system to have only one 90-degree translation inside the drive's final home, potentially reducing the drive train loss. All the original K-format engines are also mated to a dry automotive type clutch. The uniform use of the traditional K engine stopped with the K1200 model in 2005, with a new 1200 series engine that is radically different from the flying brick because it is a conventional 55 degree tilted tilting four-cylinder engine coupled to a wet clutch and a unity construction gearbox. It is also current that the K drive drive bikes move from right to left. Despite this new engine, the traditional K-fly brick engine continues to operate with the giant K1200LT luxury touring motorcycle until 2009, where the flying brick dot is bowed together with the K1200LT. This is an event that marks the development of the final K engine in terms of size and complexity, the six-cylinder K1600 series mounted on the K1600GT and GTL models.
The first K-series production bike was the K100, which was introduced in 1983. In 1988, BMW introduced the K1 which has a Bosch Motronic fuel injection system.
From 1985 to 1996, the K75 740 cc three-cylinder engine was produced.
In 1991, BMW increased the displacement of the K100 from 987 cc to 1,097 cc and modeling the K1100. K1100LT is the first with a new engine displacement. In 1998 BMW increased the size again to 1,170 cc. This enhanced four-tone engine appears on the K1200RS. This machine continues to be produced for the K1200LT range, with upgraded power updates in 2004, until the end of LT production.
The K1200 engine then is 1.157Ã, cc transverse inline-four, announced in 2003 and first seen in 2005 K1200S. The new engine produces 123 kW (165 hp) and is tilted forward 55 degrees. The width is 43 cm (17 inches), giving the bicycle a very low center mass without reducing the maximum lean angle.
In October 2008, BMW announced the new K1300GT, K1300S and K1300R models, all of which have a larger 1293 cc engine capacity that produces up to 175 hp (130 kW). The new engine produces a maximum output power of 1,000 RPM lower than the previous machine, generating more torque due in part to the exhaust butterfly flap installed in the exhaust.
In 2011, BMW unveiled the K1600 - K1600GT and K1600GTL range - featuring a new 1.66 cc (100.6 cuÃ, in) manned engine, mounted across the chassis. The engine tilts forward at 50 °. This machine was originally used on Concept 6, the concept bike shown at the EICMA Milan Motor Show 2009. BMW claims that the engine at 560 mm (22 inches) wide, only 67 mm (2.6 inches) wider than the K1300 engine, is a six engine the smallest cylinder ever produced. The cylinder bore is 72.0 mm (2.83 inches) and the distance between the center of the cylinder is 77 mm (3.0 inches). Camshaft hollow, with cam lobes pressed, which saves about 2 pounds (0.91 kg). The machine has an electronic throttle control and several drive modes that can be adjusted according to road conditions.
Model designation
BMW uses a three-segment nomenclature for motorcycles. The first segment shows the type of machine, the second shows the estimated engine displacement in cubic centimeters (with one exception: F 650 GS, which has a 798cc engine displacement), while the third shows the motorcycle class (eg, sports, sporting tours, dual sports, etc..). The three segments are separated by empty.
The same 3-segment nomenclature is used for BMW cars. However, there is less significant consistency across the range with respect to the second segment (switching machine/100).
Machine type:
- R - air-cooled, horizontally opposed ("boxer") 2-cylinder, oil cooled 1994-2013, water cooled starting with R1200GS 2013 and 2014 R1200RT
- K - water-cooled, inline 3-, 4- or 6-cylinder
- F - water-cooled, 1-cylinder vertical (through 2006), 2-cylinder vertical (after 2006)
- G - water-cooled, 1-cylinder vertical
- S - coolike, 4-cylinder superbike in water
Machine transfer in cc:
- Current models: 1600, 1300, 1200, 1000, 900, 800, 650, and 450. Previous models include 850, 1100, and 1150.
- The older BMW model divides the estimated engine displacement by ten for the model number. For example, K75? 750 cc.
Styling suffix placement:
- C - Cruiser
- CS - Classic Sport
- G/S - Gelände/Strasse Off-road/Street
- GS - Gelände Sport Off-road Sport (Enduro)
- GT - Gran Turismo or Grand Touring
- LS - Luxury Sport
- LT - Luxus Tourer (Luxury Tourists)
- R - Road or Roadster, usually naked
- RR - Superbike/Racing
- RS - Originally established for Rennsport, but since 1976 stands for Reisesport
- RT - Reise Tourer (Travel Tourer)
- S - Sport
- ST - Strasse (Road) or Sport Tourer
- T - Travel
In addition, the bike may have the following modifier in its name:
- A - ABS
- L - fancy
- P - police
- C - special
- PD - Paris Dakar
Contoh: K 1200 S, R 1200 RT, F 650 GS, R 1150 RSL, K 1200 LT, K 1200 LT-C, R1200 RT-P, R 1200 RSA, S 1000 RR.
Prior to the introduction of the K 100 series and R1100 series motorcycles, the letter prefixes were always the same, and the numbers were based on displacements, as mentioned above, or only model numbers.
Technology
Rear suspension
Single-sided suspension
BMW's monolever suspension first appeared in 1980 in the new R80G/S range. It has a single universal connection just behind the engine/gear-box unit. This system is then included in the latest version of K & amp; R Series.
Paralever
Paralever is a further advance in BMW's single-sided rear suspension technology (right picture). It decouples the reaction of the torque as a compressive and longitudinal suspension, avoiding the tendency of squatting under braking and reducing the tire chatter on the road surface. It was introduced in 1988 R 80 GS and R 100 GS motorcycles.
In 2005, along with the introduction of "hexhead", BMW reversed Paralever and moved the torque sleeve from bottom to top of the drive shaft home (right picture). This reduces the underhangs of the components and tends to improve ground clearance on the right lean.
The term "Paralever" is the word portmanteau of "Parallelogram" and "Lever". "The lever is a swing arm, and the" parallelogram "is the shape between the four rear suspension elements (rear drive, drive shaft, transmission, and bottom or top support).) Other motorcycle manufacturers have patented similar designs, including Arturo Magni for MV Agusta and Moto Guzzi Compact Shaft Drive.
Front suspension
Telescopic Fork
In 1935, BMW installed the first telescopic fork that was produced hydraulically to the R12 and R17 motors. BMW is still using telescopic forks today with its F-series, G-series, HP, and S1000RR motors.
The R-series, which only uses Telelever and Duolever's front suspensions for several years, has partially returned to the telescopic fork of the 2015 model with the introduction of the R 1200 R and R 1200 RS.
Earles fork
British Ernest Earles designed a unique triangular fork that, unlike telescopic forks, rejects the side forces introduced by the sidecar. BMW mounted the Earles fork into all its models for 14 years from 1955. In the event, this was the year that the sidecars peaked and quickly fell in most European markets (eg England) but Earles fork system was favored by solo riders as well. This causes the front end of the motorcycle to rise under braking - the opposite of the telescopic fork action. The mechanical strength of this design sometimes proves to be a disadvantage for other motorcycles, as it transfers the impact pressure to the framework where damage is more difficult and expensive to repair.
Telelever fork
Developed by Saxon-Motodd in Britain in the early 1980s, Garpu Telelever aims to improve stability handling during cornering and braking. Telelever uses conventional telescopic forks, but stanchions contain only lubricating oil. The springing and damping functions are handled by monoshocks attached to wishbone "Telelever". Wishbone spins on the front of the engine block, and the front end of the wishbone is attached via a joint connection to the clip that connects the fork slider. Because there is no lower triple wedge, the fork slider is longer and lighter than conventional telescopic forks, and larger slider/tube overlaps reduce both torsional flex and unsprung weight.
The main benefit of the Telelever system is that it separates the steering function from braking and suspension functions. Braking force is taken back through wishbone, thus eliminating brake dives. During braking, the trail and the angle of the caster (rake) increase rather than decrease like a traditional telescopic fork. Some riders used for conventional forks report that Telelever initially lacked "flavor", and that the absence of diving was initially confusing; but the BoxerCup R1100S Replica (model with its own racing series) shows that Telelever forks provide responsive and predictable handling.
The term "Telelever" is the word portmanteau of "Telescopic fork" and "lever"; "Lever" becomes wishbone arm.
Duolever
In 2004, BMW announced the K1200S, incorporating a new front suspension based on the design by Norman Hossack. BMW recognizes this fact but pays Hossack without royalty. BMW named its new front suspension Duolever. By 2018, Duolever has been used on all K1300 and K1600 models.
BMW Motorrad's official explanation of the duolever includes this:
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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