In cricket, an umpire (from Old French nompere meaning non-partner, ie not a member of one team, is impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket pitch, according to Cricket's Law. In addition to making decisions on the legality of delivery, appeals to wickets and general behavior of the game by legal means, referees also keep a record of delivery and announce completion of over.
A cricket umpire does not get confused with referees who usually only lead international matches and do not make decisions that affect the outcome of the game.
Video Umpire (cricket)
Overview
Traditionally, cricket matches have two referees on the pitch, one stands at the end where the bowler gives the ball (Bowler's tip), and one is directly opposite to the encountered batsman (usually, but not always, at square feet). However, in modern games, there may be more than two referees; for example Test Match has four: two referees on the pitch, a third referee who has access to a video playback, and a fourth referee who keeps the ball matches, takes out drinks for referees in the field/
The International Cricket Council (ICC) has three referee panels: the Elite Umpires Panel, the larger Umpires International Panel and the ICC Umpires Development Panel. Most Test matches are controlled by neutral Elite Panel members, with local members of the International Panel providing support, usually in the role of the third or fourth referee. Members of the International Panel will sometimes act as neutral referees on the field in the Test. Members of the three panels work in One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) matches.
Professional matches also have match referees, which complement the refereeing role. The match referee did not make decisions that were relevant to the outcome of the match but rather upheld the ICC Cricket Code of Conduct, ensuring the game was played in a reputable manner. The ICC appointed a match referee from the Elite Panel of Referees to try the Test and ODI matches.
Small cricket matches will often train referees. The independent association of Cricket Umpires and Scorers (ACU & S), formed in 1955, is used for conducting referee training in the UK. But he joined to form the ECB ACCR (Cricket Association Officer Association) on January 1, 2008. A new cricket qualification structure is now commissioned and assessments have been put in place and the ACO provides training and examination for this. Cricket Australia has introduced a two-level accreditation scheme and eventually all referees will be required to achieve the appropriate accreditation level. The age of the referees can vary greatly as some are former players, while others enter the cricket world as referees.
In accordance with the tradition of cricket, most commonly, the local game will have two referees, one supplied by each side, which will adequately enforce accepted rules.
Maps Umpire (cricket)
Position
When a ball is thrown, one referee (who is the bowler end of the bowler) stands behind a stump on the non-striker's end (ie, the end of where the ball is being fascinated), which gives him a straight downward view of the field.
The second (the striker's referee) takes the position he thinks gives him the best view of the game. Through this long tradition, this is usually a square foot - in line with popping folds and a few feet to the side of the batsman's foot - hence it is sometimes known as square footkote.
However, if a fielder takes a position in square foot or somewhere so blocking his view, or if there is a batsman injured with a runner, then the referee must move to another place - usually either a short distance or < i> point on the opposite side of the batsman. If the square foot referees choose to stand on the spot, he is required to inform both the batsmen, the agile captain of the team, and his partner. He may also move to later point positions in the afternoon if the sun set prevents a clear view of the popping creases at the end.
It's up to the referee to prevent the ball from either the ball or the player. Specifically, if the ball is hit and the players try to run, then the referee behind the stump will generally retreat sideways, if the field side tries to run out at the end of it.
At the end of each completion, two referees will exchange roles. Since the bowlers tip alternates between overs, this means they only move a short distance.
For certain decisions during the game, referees in the field may refer to the Third Umpire if any are designated, who have access to television replays. The Third Umpire is most commonly used in run-out cases, where action is too fast for the naked eye but can also be used to decide the case of disputed limits and catches, when the referee can not decide whether the ball has struck. ground before being caught (but not to decide if the ball actually hit a bat or a batsman's glove). Third Umpire Reference for LBW dismissal was tested in the ICC Champions Trophy 2002 in Sri Lanka, and in the 2007 UK Domestic Pro40 competition, and is now widely used in international matches.
Decisions and signals
During play, the referee at the end of the bowler makes a decision, which mainly shows using arm signals. Some decisions must be instantaneous, while for others he may stop to think or discuss them with square foot referees, especially if the latter may have a better view.
While the ball is playing
These decisions have important effects on the game and are given a direct signal.
Sign out
The referee will not issue a batsman unless an appeal is made by the side of the pitch, although the batsman may walk if he/she knows he/she will be out. Currently rare, especially in Tests and first-class matches for controversial decisions; However, it is the norm for a batsman to walk when he comes out fascinated or out into a clear catch. If the agile side believes that the batsman is out, the agile side must be interesting , by asking the referee to give the verdict.
The referee's response is to raise his index finger over his head to indicate that the batsman is out, or clearly say "not out", which is usually accompanied by a head wobble. The 'exit' signal is the only signal which, if indicated by the striker's final referee, does not require confirmation by the final bowler referee.
No balls
Either the referee can call, and signal, without the ball, to the ball sent illegally, even though each referee has a unique jurisdiction. The most common cause for no balls is a foot or ball error that passes over the waist of the batsman without bouncing, each under the jurisdiction of the bowler ending block. The square foot referee rarely has to call a no-ball, because his jurisdiction is confined to a very rare offense. The signal is holding one arm horizontally and shouting "no-ball"; The idea is that the batsman is aware of the ball without the spell being fascinated. In a match under the ICC, it can also be a no-ball if the referee feels that the bowler's arms are bent more than 15 degrees (throwing rather than bowling). The ICC has chosen to amend Law 21.2 (Fair Delivery - arm) as a result of the controversy over the legality or the bowling actions of certain tailed players. No balls are not counted as one of the above six, and reduce the ways in which a batsman might be out (8-3), with all forms of dismissal credited to the removed bowler.
Free click
In restricted cricket-overs forms, such as T20 and ODI, the ball-no-which is the result of a bowler going beyond the crease or bowling over the waistband of the batsman will be punished by subsequent delivery subject to limited firing methods. The referee will give this signal by circling a finger horizontally above his head, usually following a non-ball signal (and other signals associated with a no-ball like limit). During free hit submissions, batsmen can not be dismissed caught, dazzled, legs before goal or confused.
Width
A Wide Ball is an illegal delivery on cricket, due to it being the "broad striker in which he stands and also will pass wide he stands in a normal guard position" (Law 22). The wide signal hints by forwarding both arms horizontally and accompanied by a Wide Ball call. This is not counted above, and again reduces the way in which a batsman can get out (8 to 4; the player can stop from the width). If delivery meets the criteria for No Ball and Wide, No Ball calls and penalties will take precedence. As with No Ball, a batsman might try to score run off of a delivery that will be judged in addition to penalties as wide and extra.
Dead balls
If the ball is no longer considered in the game, it is dead ball . The referee will give this signal by crossing and releasing his wrist under his waist with a Dead Ball call, if he is required to do so under certain Laws, and can also do so if he feels the need to inform the players.
Similar signals are also used to indicate "not coming out" from the Decision Review System. It is marked by a referee who crossed his arms in a horizontal position in front and above his waist three times.
Signal to scorer
It is important that the registrar records the game accurately and therefore the exact signal will be made by the referee when the ball is dead (see Law 2.13). In addition to the following, the referee repeats the ball signal off, wide, and without the ball to the goalscorer. The goalscorer is required to acknowledge the signals of the referee; and referees are required to gain recognition before letting the match resume.
Four
If a batsman gets a score of four when he hits the ball over the limit (not by actually running it), the referee gives this signal by waving his arms forward and back in front of the chest. This signal varies greatly between referees, from two short waves, under control, ending with the arm on the chest, to decipher a signal similar to an orchestra conductor. Regardless of how the referee gives the fourth cue, he must, legally, finish with his arm in the chest (to avoid confusion as to whether the ball is not being sent as well).
Six
Six goals by hitting the ball over the limit marked by the referee lifting both hands above his head, often by way of celebration. For six to be printed, the ball must come out of the bat, so it is impossible to have six times for the ball across the boundary (without any overthrow).
Bye
If the run should be judged as a bye, the referee will lift an open palm above his head.
Bye
Bye legs are given a signal by the referee touching the raised knee.
Short-term
If one of the batsmen turns to complete the run after the first without the grounded person or equipment behind the popping crease, then short term is marked by the referee tapping his close shoulder with his fingers and running short does not score. If more than one short run, the referee will notify the scorers for the number of scores printed. There are also cases that are deliberately run short, where the referee will ban all running, although this is a rather rare occurrence.
Television recurrence
If the referee is unsure about the "line decision" (ie, the decision is exhausted or deadlock) or if the referee is not sure whether the ball is four, six, or not, he can refer the matter to the Third Umpire. The referee may also refer to a Third Umpire decision on Bump Balls and net captures (but only after the field referee has been consulted and both are invisible). The Third Umpire is not used except in international or important international matches. The signal to refer the problem using both hands to mime the TV screen by creating a box shape.
Penalty runs
For extreme error by one team, the referee can give five penalties to another team. Placing one arm across the opposite shoulder indicates that the punishment run is given to the agile team, but if the referee taps the shoulder, a penalty is awarded to the batting team.
Five penalties run more often given when the ball attacks a foreign object on the pitch, usually a helmet from the agile side.
Last hour
In cricket Test and first class cricket, the last hour of the last day of the game has a special meaning. First, there is a minimum number of overs (20 in Laws of Cricket, fifteen in the Tests) that must be thrown in the last hour. Secondly, and more importantly, the results must be achieved before the time passes and the referee calls the "stump" for the match to have a winner; otherwise, the match ends with a draw and there is no winner. The referee marked the last hour by pointing to his wrist (and the watch above him), which was lifted over his head.
Revoke last signal
If the referee makes the wrong signal, he may pull it out. To do so, he crossed his arms across his chest, then made the corrected signal. Revocation can be done if the referee finds the wrong application of the law, such as, signifies "exit" before realizing that another referee hinted at no ball. Also, the referee can withdraw if he accidentally gives a fourth signal even if he intends to signal six. With the adoption of the Decision Review System, the signal may also be revoked if the Third Umpire reports that its review supports call reversal.
New Ball
In a match that lasts more than two days, the captain usually has the option of picking up a new ball after a number of over (usually 80) have taken place since the new ball is introduced (the round starts always with the new ball). The referee at the end of the bowler signaled to the scorer that the new ball had been taken by holding the ball over his head. The printer records the time that the new ball has been taken.
If the ball is broken so far it gives one team a loss, it is replaced with an undamaged ball used under the same conditions. A ball with similar conditions is also used if the ball is lost in the game (for example, if the ball being beaten for six times becomes irrevocable).
In 2007 the International Cricket Council (ICC) passed a new law stipulating that, in ODI, after 35 overs has been ball, the ball must be replaced with clean used balls. In 2011 this rule is changed so that different balls are used at each end, so each ball starts to be used for 25 overs. The balls used in ODI are white and color change becomes very easy, especially on dusty or rough plates, and thus ball changes are considered necessary to ensure that the ball is easily visible.
Challenge System
At the end of 2008, the ICC began testing the challenge system in the International Match. It functions as follows; When a decision has been made by the referee in the field (either out or not out), either the batsmen or the agile player (depending on which way the decision goes), may decide to refer the decision to the Third Umpire. This is marked by making the symbol "T" with the arm. The Third Umpire can then use only the basic technology to assess whether there is a reason to reject the referee's decision in the field. If the Third Umpire decides that the referee on the field makes the wrong decision then he will notify the field umpire, through the headset, about what he has seen and tell him to change his decision or stick to his original decision. This system is usually only used for LBW (to determine whether delivery meets all BBLR criteria) or a closed capture decision (to determine if the ball has been in contact with bats or gloves and thus has been "hit" and that the ball is caught).
Like a similar system used in tennis, each team gets a number of challenges per round (currently twice per round in Test cricket, one on ODI). If the challenge result in an upside-down call, or the BBLR being sent Umpire Call (the decision is within the margin of error), the team saves the challenge; Therefore, the challenge is only reduced when the call is enforced.
The system was introduced gradually: first in Cricket Test, then in the 2011 World Cup 2011, and now in general for One Day International.
Power Play
ICC introduced Powerplays system in over-restricted crickets that limit the number of participants outside the 30-page circle, among other things. When Powerplay starts, the referee moves his hand in a circular way over his head. In ODI, the first 10 overs of the innings are automatically PowerPlay, and after 10 oops PowerPlay 2 starts. From overs 11 to 40, a maximum of 4 people can be placed outside the 30-yard circle. After 40 oplay of the 3rd Powerplay begins where a maximum of 5 participants must be placed by the agile team it ends up from 40 overs to 50 over. In Twenty20, Powerplay applies to the first six overs of the innings, where only 2 people can be outside the fielding circle. For the rest of the round, 5 participants can be placed outside the circle.
Recordings
The Golden Bails Award is awarded by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to the referee who has inaugurated (in terms of cricket, standing) in 100 Test matches.
Most Tests fit as referees:
The Silver Bails Award is given to Umpires who has led at 200 One Day Internationals. Two referees have reached this milestone, Rudi Koertzen and Billy Bowden.
The Bronze Bails Award was awarded by the ICC to the referee who inaugurated at 100 One Day Internationals.
Most ODI matches as referees:
Most T20I is suitable as a referee:
Etymology
Introduction referee comes from the old French nonper (of instead of , "not" and per, "the same") , meaning "the person who is asked to act as the referee of a dispute between two persons", or that the referee is not paired with anyone in dispute.
In Central England, the earliest form of this appears as noumper around 1350, and the earliest version without n appears as owmpere, spelling variant in language Central England, about 1440. n disappeared after being written (on 1426-1427) as noounpier with a being an unlimited article. The n attribute becomes attached to the article, turning it into an an Oumper around 1475; Such a linguistic shift is called fake division. So today someone says "a referee" and not a "nugir".
The word was applied to officials from many sports, including association football (where it has been replaced by referees) and baseball (who still use it).
See also
- Elite ICC Umpires Panel
- List of test referees
- Association of Cricket Officials
- The ICC Association and Umpire Panel Affiliation
- Cricket law
- Glossary of cricket terms
- Umpire (baseball)
Bibliography
- For comprehensive guidelines for their laws and interpretations, and for suggestions on field techniques and general techniques: Tom Smith Cricket and Skoring (Marylebone Cricket Club). ISBN 978-0-297-86641-1
- Surya Prakash Chaturvedi, Cricket Umpires , National Book Trust, 2012
References
External links
- ICC match officials
- The ECB Cricket Officers Association
See also
- Elite ICC Umpires Panel
- ICC Cricket Awards
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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