A paper cup is a disposable cup made of paper and is often coated or coated with plastic or wax to prevent the liquid from leaking out or seeping through the paper. It can be made from recycled paper and widely used all over the world.
Video Paper cup
History
Paper cups have been documented in imperial China, where papers were discovered in the 2nd century BC. Paper cups are known as chih pei and are used to serve tea. They are built in various sizes and colors, and decorated with decorative designs. The textual evidence of paper cups appears in the description of the Yu family's ownership, from the city of Hangzhou.
Modern paper cups were developed in the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was common to share a glass or scoop at a water source such as a school tap or a water keg on a train. This common use causes public health problems. One of the most important investigations in its use was a study by Alvin Davison, professor of biology at Lafayette College, published under the sensational title "Death in School Drinking Cups" at Technical World Magazine in August 1908, based on research done. in public school Easton, Pennsylvania. The article was reprinted and distributed by the Massachusetts State Council of Health in November 1909.
Based on these concerns, and as paper articles (especially after the invention of the 1908 Dixie Cup) became cheap and cleanly available, local bans continued on shared cups. One of the first railway companies to use disposable paper cups was the Lackawanna Railroad, which began using it in 1909. By 1917, public glasses had disappeared from railway cars, replaced by paper cups even in jurisdictions where public glasses had not been banned..
Paper cups are also used in hospitals for health reasons. In 1942 Massachusetts State College found in one study that the cost of using washable glasses, reused after cleaning, was 1.6 times the cost of using disposable paper cups. These studies, as well as reducing the risk of cross-infection, encourage the use of paper cups in hospitals.
Dixie cup
Dixie Cup is the brand name for the line of disposable paper cups first developed in the United States in 1907 by Lawrence Luellen, a lawyer in Boston, Massachusetts, who worries about germs spread by people who share glasses or scoops in public supply drinking water. Luellen developed a cold water vending machine with disposable cups, and with another Bostonian, Hugh Moore, started an advertising campaign to educate the public and market his machine, especially to the railroad. Professor Davison's study plays a role in removing the public glass and opening the door for paper cups. Soon, the device, which will spend cold water for a penny, becomes standard equipment on the train.
The Dixie Cup was first called "Health Kup", but from 1919 it was named after a puppet line created by Alfred Schindler's Dixie Doll Company in New York. Successful lead of the company, which has existed under various names, to call itself Dixie Cup Corporation and moved to a factory in Wilson, Pennsylvania. Above the factory there is a large water tank in the form of a cup.
In 1957, Dixie joined the American Can Company. James River Corporation bought the American paper business Can in 1982. James River's assets are now part of Georgia-Pacific, a subsidiary of Koch Industries, the second largest private company in the United States. In 1983, production was transferred to a modern factory in Forks, Pennsylvania. The original factory at Wilson has been empty ever since. The factory closure also prompted Conrail to leave Easton & amp; The northern railroad, where Dixie Cups is the last major customer.
In 1969, the Dixie Cup logo was created by Saul Bass, a graphic designer who is known for the title of his movie title.
The problem of coupon collectors is sometimes called the Dixie cup issue.
Maps Paper cup
Producing
The base paper for a paper cup is called a "board cup", and is made on a special multi-ply paper machine. It has a barrier layer for waterproofing. Paper requires high stiffness and a strong wet size. The cup board class has a special design for the process of manufacturing trophies. The process of forming a roll of the mouth requires good elongation properties of plastics and plastic layers. Properly formed mouth rolls provide stiffness and handling of properties in the cup. The basic weight of the cupboard is 170-350 g/m 2 .
To meet cleanliness requirements, paper cups are generally made of virgin material (not recycled). The only exception to this is when paper cups have an extra layer of insulation for heat retention, which never comes in contact with drinks, such as a corrugated layer that wraps one cup of wall.
Waterproofing
Initially, a paper cup for a hot beverage is glued together and made waterproof by dropping a little clay at the bottom of the cup, and then spinning at high speed so that the clay will run up into the cup walls, making the paper water-resistant. However, this produces a smelly drink and tastes cardboard.
Cups for cold drinks can not be treated the same way, because the condensation form outside, then wetting the board, making the cup unstable. To overcome this, the crop manufacturer developed a technique of spraying the inside and outside of the cup with a candle. Clay-lined mugs and waxes disappear with the invention of polyethylene-coated glasses (PE); This process includes a board surface with a very thin PE coating, coating the board and welding stitches simultaneously.
In 2017, Finnish board manufacturer Kotkamills launches a new type of mug (food service) board that does not use wax or plastic for waterproofing, and thus can be recycled as part of the normal paper waste stream and board, decomposes, or even composted in small quantities.
in 2017, the Newport Beach CA Smart Planet Technologies company launched "reCUP" for the UK market, a recyclable paper cup using polyethylene coating and mineral coating, engineered for recycling through traditional paper recycling systems.
Print on paper cup
Originally paper cups were printed using rubber blocks mounted on cylinders, with different cylinders for each color. Registration with different colors is very difficult, but then the flexography plate becomes available and by using the mounting system it becomes easier to enroll across colors, allowing for more complicated designs. Flexographic printing has become ideal for the long run and manufacturers generally use this method when producing more than one million cups. Machines like Comexi are used for this, which have been adapted to take the extra large rolls required by paper cup manufacturers. Ink technology has also changed and where solvent-based inks are used, water-based inks are instead used. One side effect of solvent-based inks is that the hot beverage cups can in particular smell solvents, whereas water-based inks have eliminated this problem. Other printing methods have been used for short periods such as offset printing, which can range from 10,000 to 100,000 cups. Offset printing inks have also been developed and although in the past this solvent-based, the latest soy-based inks have reduced the danger of smelly cups. The latest developments are Direct-printing , which allows printing in very small quantities, typically from 1,000 cups, and used by companies including Brendos ltd which offer small quantities in a short period of time. Rotogravure can also be used, but it is very expensive and usually only used for items that require high quality printing such as ice cream containers.
Environmental impact
Recycling
Most paper cups are designed to be disposable and then discarded. Very little recycled paper is used to make paper cups due to concerns and contamination regulations. Since most paper cups are coated with plastic (polyethylene), both composting and recycling paper cups are not common due to difficulties in separating polyethylene in the recycling process of the cup. In 2016, there are only two facilities in the UK that can properly recycle the PE coated glasses; if there are no such facilities, the cups are brought to the landfill or burned.
The UK-based business group, James Cropper, has developed the world's first facility for effective recycling of approximately 2.5 billion cups of paper coffee used and disposed of by British businesses annually, and has become one of 14 international companies for formally join Paper Recovery. and Recycling Group (PCRRG).
James Cropper Reclamation Fiber Facility opened by HM The Queen in July 2013, and restoring plastic and paper from the cup; making sure nothing is wasted from the recycling process. Although paper cups are made from renewable resources (95% heavy wood chips), paper products in landfills may not biodegrade, or release methane, if described anaerobically.
A Newport Beach, CA, Smart Planet Technologies company has developed a process to modify polyethylene coating on paper cups and folding cartons so they are engineered for recycling. Orange Coast College in Costa Mesa, CA has started a program to use cups made with this technology to capture and sell fiber to fund scholarships for their students.
In 2017, Finnish board manufacturer Kotkamills launches a new type of mug (food service) board that does not use wax or plastic for waterproofing, and thus can be recycled as part of the normal paper waste stream and board, decomposes, or even composted in small quantities.
Paper making usually requires inorganic chemicals and creates waste water. Paper cups can consume more non-renewable resources than cups made from polystyrene foam (which has only significant effluent is pentane).
Paper vs plastic
The life cycle inventory from comparison of paper vs. plastic cups shows the environmental effects of both without clear winners.
Polyethylene (PE) is a petroleum-based coating on paper cups that can slow the biodegrading process of the coated paper.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable bio-plastic coating used on multiple paper cups. PLA is a renewable and certified resource of compost, which means that when decomposed, it does not leave a toxic residue. Although PLA-lined cups are the only fully compostable paper cups, they can contaminate the flow of waste, reportedly making other recyclable plastics unlawful.
All paper cups can only be recycled at special care facilities regardless of the coating.
A number of cities - including Portland, Oregon - have banned the XPS foam cups in take-out and fast food restaurants.
Emissions
A study of one cup of coffee with a sleeve (16 ounces) showed that CO 2 emissions were about 0.11 kilograms (0.24 pounds) per cup with sleeve - including paper from trees, materials, and delivery.
Habitat-loss trees use
The loss of habitat from one cup of 16 ounce coffee paper with arms is estimated to be 0.09 square meters (0.93 square feet). More than 6.5 million trees were felled to produce 16 billion cups of coffee paper used by the US in 2006, using 4 billion gallons of US (15,000,000 m 3 ) water and generating 253 million pounds (115,000. 000 kg) of waste. Overall, the United States uses 58% of all paper cups worldwide, totaling 130 billion cups.
Lids
Paper cups may have different types of caps. Paper cups used as containers for yoghurt, for example, generally have two types of lids: hot-sealed foil lids used for small "serve one" containers, and 150-200 ml (5-7Ã, USÃ, flÃ, oz) -on, the reclosed cover is used for large "family size" containers, 250-1000 ml (8-30Ã, Â ° flÃ, Â ° AS), where not all yogurt can be consumed at one time and thus the ability to closing the container back is required.
Hot drinks sold in paper cups may come with plastic lids, to keep drinks hot and prevent spills. These eyelids have holes where drinks can be drunk. The plastic lid can have many features including peel back tabs, raised walls to protect the gourmet hot beverage foam and embossed text. In 2008, Starbucks introduced a plastic "splash stick" to block holes, in some of their stores, after customer complaints about scattered hot coffee.
See also
- Cup holder
- Plastic cup
References
Quote
Bibliography
- Maying Soong (2002). Chinese Paper for Beginner . Courier Dover Publication. p. 6-7. ISBNÃ, 0-486-41806-5. Ã, - how to make paper cup from square paper using origami
- Folding folded folding instructions for paper cups Martin B Hocking (November 1991). "The relative merit of foam and polystyrene paper in a hot beverage cup: Implications for packaging". Environmental Management . Springer New York. 15 (6): 731-747. doi: 10.1007/BF02394812. Martin B Hocking (November 1994). "Disposable and disposable cups: Energy-based evaluation". Environmental Management . Springer New York. 18 (6): 889-899. doi: 10.1007/BF02393618.
- Allyn Freeman & amp; Bob Golden (1997). "Little Dipper". Why Did not I Think About It? Ã,: Strangely Discovery Wise Wisdom, We Can not Live Without . John Wiley and Sons. pp.Ã, 183-184. ISBNÃ, 0-471-16511-5. Ã, - Dixie Cup
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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