West Lake (Chinese: ?? ; pinyin: X? HÃÆ'º ; Wu: Si-wu ) is a freshwater lake in Hangzhou, China. It is divided into five sections by three causeway. There are many temples, pagodas, parks, and artificial islands in the lake.
West Lake has influenced poets and painters throughout China's history because of its natural beauty and historical heritage, and is also one of the most important sources of inspiration for Chinese garden designers. It was made into a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, described as having "influence garden design across China as well as Japan and Korea for centuries" and reflects the "ideal blend of humanity and nature".
Video West Lake
Histori
The earliest recorded name for West Lake is "Wu River River" ( W? LÃÆ'n Shu? ). "Geography Column" Han Book "says," Qiantang, affiliated with the western governor-general. Mount Wu Forest ( W? LÃÆ'nsh? N ) is the origin of the Wu Forest River, flowing east to the sea, covering 830 li "(approx. 350 km or 220 mi). including the "Qian River", "Qiantang Lake", "Mingsheng Lake", "Jinniu Lake", "Lake Shihan", "Lake Shang", "Lake Lianyan", "Fangsheng Pond", "Lake Xizi", "Lake Gaoshi" , "Xiling Lake", "Lake Xianzhe" and "Mingyue Lake." But only two names are widely accepted in history and recorded in historical documents, one of which is the "Qiantang Lake", due to the fact that Hangzhou called "Qiantang" in ancient times.The other name is "West Lake", because the lake is to the west of the city.The name "West Lake" first appeared in two poems Bai Juyi, "Given to the guests upon returning from the West Lake at night and look back at the Gushan Temple "( ???????????? ) and" On the boat back to Hangzhou " ( ???? ). Since the Northern Song dynasty, most of the poems and articles of scholars use the name "West Lake", while the name "Qiantang Lake" is gradually abandoned. "The West Lake dredging request" written by Su Shi is the first time "West Lake" appears in official documents. Qin Dynasty
Over 2,000 years ago, the West Lake was still part of the Qiantang River. Due to the sedimentation of the soil, the feet of Mount Wu and the Baoshi Mountains, the surrounding mountains on the north and south sides of the lake, gradually stretched to form the head of the herd. Later, this sand slowly merges into a bank, where a lagoon appears to the west; this is the old West Lake of the Qin and Han Dynasties. "West Lake Dream Searching" ( ???? ) , written by Zhang Dai, tells the story of Qin Shi Huang visited the area and tethered his boat to a rock which was later developed into the Great Stone Buddha Temple. The stone is located on Mount Baoshi, north of West Lake, and still can be seen.
Sui Dynasty
The short-lived Sui dynasty is famous for the great engineering works that have been accomplished during its brief existence. After AD 610, the Jiangnan Channel is opened and connected to the North Canal. Thus, the five major rivers in China (Hai, Kuning, Huai, Yangtze, and Qiantang) are all connected: transported to and from Hangzhou and thus enhance the regional economy. Tourism in Hangzhou is also beginning to boom.
Tang Dynasty
In the Tang dynasty, West Lake has an area of ​​about 10.8 square kilometers. The western and southern parts of the lake are all extended to the feet of West Hill. Northeast extends to Wulin Gate area. Pilgrims can take a boat to the foothills and walk up the hill to worship. Due to the ongoing siege on the lake, along with the virtual lack of any hydraulic project, at that time, the lake would flood after heavy rains and dry out during long droughts.
In September 781, Li Mi ( ?? ) was appointed as governor of Hangzhou. To supply fresh water, he creatively pushes water into the city. He ordered six wells excavated in densely populated areas such as the Qiantang Gate and Yongjin Gate, and established a "shadow channel" (underground clay and bamboo pipe) to introduce lake water to the city. The six wells have long disappeared today. The only remaining legacy at that time was the Xiangguo Well, which lies to the west of the Jinting Bridge on Jiefang Road. The other five wells are Xi Well (west of Xiangguo Well), Fang Well (or Four-eyed Well), Jinniu Well (northwest Xi Well), Baigui Well (west of Longxiang Bridge), and Xiaofang Well (or Six- , inside the Qiantang Gate, now the Xiaoche Bridge area).
In the midst of the Zhenyuan era (785-804) in the Tang dynasty, the poet and government official Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Hangzhou. Already a great and famous poet, his deeds in Hangzhou made him a great governor. He realized that nearby farmland depended on the water of the West Lake, but due to the negligence of previous governors, the old dike collapsed, and the lake was so dry that local farmers suffered severe drought. He ordered the construction of stronger and higher dikes, with dams to control the flow of water, providing water for irrigation and reducing drought problems. The livelihoods of locals in Hangzhou increased over the next few years. Bai Juyi uses his spare time to enjoy the beauty of the West Lake, visiting the lake almost every day. He ordered the construction of a cross-way to allow to cross the lakes on foot, rather than asking for boat services. The causeway, Baisha Causeway, is now commonly referred to as Bai Causeway (Bai Ching) in Bai Juyi's honor, but the original Bai Causeway no longer exists.
Five Dynasties
The most prominent era in Hangzhou's development history, the Wuyue Kingdom (907-960) and the Southern Song dynasty, had a major impact on West Lake. The overall development and basic layout of the West Lake occurred in these two Dynasties. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Wuyue Kingdom made Hangzhou its capital. It facilitates transportation to coastal areas, and promotes trade with foreign countries such as Japan and Korea. Meanwhile, the successive rulers of the Wuyue Kingdom paid great respect to Buddhism, and built a number of temples, pagodas, temples and caves around the lake area. They expanded the Lingyin Temple, founded the Zhaoqing Temple, Jingci Temple, Li'an Temple, Liutong Temple and Taoguang Temple, and built Baochu Pagoda, Liuhe Pagoda, Leifeng Pagoda, and White Pagoda. Such a region is recognized as a "Buddhist State". The Lingyin Temple, the Tianzhu Temple and the Qiantang waves were the most famous sights of the time. Due to its geological characteristics, the land dumped rapidly in the West Lake and dredging became routine maintenance. So in 927, Wuyue's king, Qian Liu, installed a 1,000 lakes dredging troop to mow the lawn and deepen the springs, and preserve the lake's water bodies.
Song dynasty (The Northern Song and The Southern Song)
Over a hundred years later, at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Yuanyou (1086-1094), another great poet, Su Shi (also known as Su Dongpo), came to Hangzhou to serve as his governor. At that time, the farmers were suffering from drought again, due to the overgrowth of weeds at the bottom of the lake that clog the irrigation canal. He orders the dredging of the lake and piles all the mud into another highway, in Bai Causeway style, but is much wider and almost three times longer: he also planted willow trees along its banks. The highway is then named after "Su Causeway". There are six bridges along the 2.6 km (1.6 mi) Su Causeway ( ?? ), and they are called separately Yingbo (< span lang = "zh" title = "Chinese text"> ?? ), Suolan ( ?? ), Wangshan ( ?? ), Yadi ( ?? ) , Dongpu ( ?? ), and Kuahong ( ?? ) The bridge, all of which symbolizes the characteristics of the bridge itself and also shows its colorful structural beauty and connotation. "Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring ???? " is one of the attractions.
When the Southern Song dynasty made Hangzhou the capital of 1127, Hangzhou became the national political, economic and cultural center, and its name also changed to Lin'an. The population is growing rapidly, and the economy is growing rapidly. Hangzhou entered its heyday. Wu Zimu portrays the glamor of "Mengliang lu" ( Dreaming Up a Millet Bottle ) ( ??? ), " Life in Lin'an is lavish in all seasons, full of excitement and appreciation without a day of vacancy.In the west there is a beautiful lake with charming scenery, and east of the river flow spectacular.. Both are miracles. "In addition to pilgrims, the tourists in Hangzhou include messengers foreign countries, businessmen, monks and clerical candidates from the imperial examination. The beauty of West Lake is starting to gain a wide reputation. In those days, boating on the lake was a popular entertainment. According to records, there are hundreds of boats on the West Lake. Everything is beautifully made, with beautiful carvings and decorations, and gliding gracefully on the water. Poet Lin Sheng vividly describes the arrogance in his poem "On the wall of the hotel in Lin'an". In addition, the poet Yang Wanli also praised the West Lake's fascinating scenery in the poem "Coming from Jingci Temple at dawn to see Lin Zifang die", which greatly demonstrates how the metropolis developed at the time and how much it missed for people at that time. The famous painter Muqi Fachang came here and re-established the abandoned Liutong monastery in 1215.
Yuan Dynasty
In the Yuan dynasty, West Lake is still growing socially, with a population full of excitement to sing and dance. Volume 23 of Kitab says, in the 2nd year of Zhida (1309), "in Hangzhou, Jiang-Zhe area, for half a year there are more than 1,200 foreign visitors Sangwu and Baoheding foreigners bring lions, beetles, crows and eagles They stay for 27 days People and animals eat meat more than 1,300 jin . "More and more businessmen and travelers from Turkestan and Western European countries come visiting Hangzhou. The most famous of them is the Venice explorer Marco Polo, who praised Hangzhou on his travel record as "the most beautiful heavenly city in the world". At the end of the Yuan dynasty, there was "Qiantang Ten Scenic Spots", in addition to the "West Lake Ten Scenic Spots" of the Southern Song dynasty; presence that expands the scope of tourism. During Zhiyuan era of Kublai Khan's reign, the lake was dredged, and renamed "ponds to free breeding animals" (???). Some areas of the lake are gradually enriched and become cultivated zones. At the end of the Yuan dynasty, the West Lake did not have the attention of the government, and the plutocrats and nobles harbored the water zone, so the lake deteriorated into a deserted country with most of its territory silent and turned into a swamp.
Ming Dynasty
During the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people attributed the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty to the West Lake, as the upper classes and emperors indulged in melodies and wines with lake views. Therefore, people and governments do not want to make it clean and thrive if this sort of thing happens again. But then in the Ming dynasty, Hangzhou began to restore its prosperity in Xuande and Zhengtong era (1426-1449). Then, the local authorities keep a close watch on the West Lake. In the 16th year of the Hongzhi era (one source states it was the 3rd year of Zhengde era), then Yang Mengying's governor ( ??? ), with the support of the special envoy Ju Liang (Mandarin span languages), obtained approval to dredge the lake, despite much resistance from local whiz. The project is funded by the Engineering Department. The West Lake Visit Guide ( ????? ) was recorded, "The work began in February. It takes 152 days, and 6,700,000 people at a cost of 23,607 taels of silver, and the removal of 3,481 hectares of illegal fields... Thus, West Lake is returned to its image in the Tang and Song dynasties. "The dredging project expands the water surface from west Su Causeway to Hongchun Bridge and Mao Jia Bu. The excavated mud is used to expand the Su Causeway, and is also used to construct a long highway in the western Inside Lake, called "Yanggong Causeway" ( ??? ).
Both in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the West Lake was dredged several times. Drilled muds are stacked to form two islands in the lake, "Huxin Island" and "Xiao Ying Zhou".
In 1607, Qiantang County governor, Nie Xintang ( ??? ), built a circular crossroad from south to west beyond Fangsheng Pond island "Xiao Ying Zhou", which produces a unique view of "Island on the Lake, Lake on the Island". In 1611, Yang Wanli later built an outer bank, and the whole plot was realized in 1620. Outside the pool were erected three small rocky pagodas, called "Three Ponds (or Pools) Mirroring the Moon" ( ???? ; s? n tÃÆ'¡n yÃÆ'¬n yuÃÆ'¨ ), which often also gives a name they went to Xiao Ying island.
Qing Dynasty
Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing dynasty toured to Southern China and stopped in Hangzhou many times; which helped speed up the rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the West Lake. Emperor Kangxi visited Hangzhou five times, and wrote the name "Ten Beautiful Places of West Lake" chosen in the Southern Song dynasty. The local governor then wrote the emperor's handwriting to the stela and built a pavilion on it. After that scenes like "Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds" and "Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn" get a fixed location for appreciation. During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, "Eighteen Beautiful Places of the West Lake" has evolved into a new nomenclature along with enriched tourism resources. Emperor Qianlong visited Hangzhou six times, composed poems and set up stela for "Ten Beautiful Places". He also wrote the name for "Eight Scenic Spots of Dragon Well", bringing fame to the mountainous landscape of the Dragon Well area (Longjing). In Qianlong times, two Hangzhou natives, Qu Hao and Qu Han sisters, co-authored a book entitled "A Glimpse at the Lake and Hills", recording 1,016 attractions around the West Lake. This is the earliest known travel guide in Hangzhou.
During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng, the West Lake still defended a water area of ​​7.54 square kilometers, but more than 20 acres (81,000 m 2 ) were shoals. Due to the extensive dredging project, the lake area spreads in the present west of Xishan Road to Hongchun Bridge neighborhood, Maojia Bu, Turtle Pond, and Chishan Bu. In the fifth year of Yongzheng era, Zhejiang governor and Deputy Director of Sensor Court, Li Wei, spent 42,742 taels of silver to dredge the lake. He built a stone weir in Jinsha Port, Chishan Bu, Jingjia Hill and Maojia Bu to store water and clean the lake mud. In 1800, the Chinese governor of Zhejiang, asked for an imperial court to support a hydraulic project in West Lake. The project was overseen by Zhejiang governor Ruan Yuan, who had a mud dug into a mound, later named "Ruan Gong Dun" (Lord Ruan's Pier "Lord Ruan's Pier" ). At that time, the modern configuration of West Lake was determined. In 1864, the West Lake Dredging Bureau was established, and a Qiantang native, Ding Bin, was appointed director.
Republic era until the end of the 20th century
From the end of the Qing dynasty to the Republican era, the railways of Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo and Zhejiang-Jiangxi as well as the Hangzhou-Shanghai, Hangzhou-Nanjing and Hangzhou-Ningbo highways were built. This transportation facilitation encourages the development of Hangzhou's tourism industry. In addition to the traditional pilgrims, more travelers come from domestic cities like Shanghai and Nanjing as well as from Europe, the United States and Japan. "10th anniversary commemorative edition of the Hangzhou government" said, from 1930-1936, the tourists recorded to Hangzhou counted to 32,845.
Hangzhou's tourism resources are becoming more abundant in the Republic era, as beautiful places and cultural heritage continue to be added around the West Lake. The government transformed the imperial palace's imperial gardens left from the Qing dynasty to the park, at Solitary Hill. In 1927, the park was renamed "Zhongshan Park" or "Taman Sun Yat-sen". On the left side of the park, the Zhejiang Martyrs Memorial was built, honoring the people who died when the Zhejiang army captured Jinling. In addition, the tombs for Xilin Xilin and Qiu Jin were built near Xiling Bridge. In 1917, the Dabei Pavilion at Lingyin Temple was established, and Yue Wang Temple and Yue Fei's tomb were renovated several times. From 1923-1931, Huanglong Dong was built. From 1923-1924, the empty Qian King Temple was renovated and converted into a park. In 1933, the Baochu Pagoda inclined to be changed.
The development of the park in Hangzhou begins with the Republic's Lakeside Park. In 1912, the Zhejiang military government destroyed the city walls from the Qiantang Gate to the Yongjin Gate and the banner fort, and built Hubing Rd along the banks of the lake. The obstacles are installed 20 meters from the lake and flowers and trees are planted. The area is called "Lakeside Park", which covers about a mile of China and is divided into five parks, first to fifth. In the spring of 1930, the municipal government cleared the land around 21 mu with the mud dredged from the lake from the north of Changsheng Rd to the Qiantang Gate, and founded Sixth Park. From 1928 to 1933, the provincial government of Zhejiang established the "Chen Yingshi Statue", "Northern Expeditionary Memorial Tower" and "Martyr Division 88 in Songhu Stela Memorial Campaign" at Third Park Docks, Second Park and Fifth Park, respectively.
Due to the steady excavation by the stealth at its base, the Leifeng Pagoda, after lasting nearly a thousand years, collapsed unexpectedly on September 25, 1924. That was shocking news in the media. Lu Xun deliberately wrote "Comments on the Fall of the Leifeng Pagoda" and "The Second Comment on the Collapse of the Leifeng Pagoda", made a statement about this incident. The fall of the Leifeng Pagoda also ended one of the "Top Ten Landscape of the West Lake", "Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset" ( ???? ).
From June 6 to October 20, 1929, the Zhejiang government hosted the first "West Lake Show", and the total number of attendees totaled more than 20 million. The West Lake Expo location is set in the area around the lake, such as Broken Bridge, Solitary Hill, Yue-Wang Temple, and North Hill. The main purpose of the expo is to promote the national product and encourage the company. In addition to more than 1,000 delegation groups from the national level, those involved included delegates from America, Japan, Britain, Indonesia and other countries. It was the largest and longest march in Hangzhou during the Republican era.
After the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Hangzhou was one of the first places opened for tourism. The city government preserves the mountainous area around the lake and plants a large number of trees. Meanwhile, West Lake is extensively dredged. In the West Lake scenic zone, new botanical gardens and flower gardens are opened. Viewing Fish in the Flower Pool ( ???? ) garden, and Orioles Singing in the Willows Tree ( ???? ) the park was built. Fish Viewing at Jade Springs and Yongjin Park rebuilt. Lingyin Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon (span lang = "zh" title = "Chinese text"> ???? ), Lake-heart Pavilion and other places renovated. In addition, West Huanhu Rd (Xishan Rd), Longjin Rd and Jiuxi Rd are newly built. In 1959, Hangzhou West Lake received more than 1,400 foreign tourists, more than 2,300 tourists from Hong Kong and Macao and more than five million domestic visitors.
During the Cultural Revolution, the Liutong Temple and other temples were destroyed.
After the Cultural Revolution, the number of tourists to the West Lake increased again. In 1978, he received 53,000 tourists from abroad and Hong Kong and Macao combined, in addition to about six million domestic tourists.
In May 1983, the state council called Hangzhou "Historical City and Famous Culture" and "National Key Scenic Tourism City". In September 1984, the executive office of the state council instructed that Hangzhou evolve into a tourism center in Southeast China and a first-rate international tourist city. After that the Hangzhou government renewed Lingyin Temple, Tianzhu Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Dacheng Hall, stela pavilion "Ten Scenes" and other relics. Resorts like Galloping Tiger Spring are expanded. Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer ( ???? ) the park was established. A new place "Exploring Plum Flower at Ling's Peak" ( ???? ) opened. Carnival archaizing was held in Huanglong Dong and Ruangong Dun. There is also a night park and night music market for entertainment.
In 1949, West Lake was buried in mud, with an average depth of only 0.55 meters and a capacity of only 4 million cubic meters. The Marshy grass enveloped the bottom of the lake so that large boats could only make their way through certain channels. In 1950, the government noted the dredging of West Lake as a national investment project. Hangzhou launched the West Lake Dredging Project in 1951 to dig the mud thoroughly. By 1954, all work had been mechanized. The project was completed in 1959. As a result, the average depth reached was 1.808 meters with a nadir of 2.6 meters. Capacity increased to 10,271,900 cubic meters. The mud is used to fill 18 ponds or lacunae in the surrounding area including the Zhaoqing Temple and Qingbo Park. However, due to erosion and sediment at the bottom of the lake thereafter, the water depth decreases to 1.47 meters. The government then invested two million yuan in 1976 to dredge the lake again. In 1980, its depth increased to 1.5 meters. In addition to the dredging work, the city government substantially fortified the banks of the lake, producing a bank with a total length of 29,800 meters. It was the largest bank upgrade project in West Lake history. Along with this project, more than 10 piers to moor the ships were remodeled or newly built at Lakeside Park, Zhongshan Park, Yue Fei tomb and both sides of Su Causeway.
The West Lake Diversion project was inaugurated on February 1, 1985. The project builds pumps in the Zhakou section of the Qiantang River, and draws 300,000 cubic meters of water daily, equivalent to one-third of the lake's total capacity. As a result, lake water transparency in the lake increases 5 to 7 cm. On the other hand, the Waste Water Interception Project across the lake was launched in 1978, and was completed in 1981. Divided into three branches, south, west and north, sewage tunnels over 17 kilometers, and equipped with 10 pumping stations.
In 1984, five organizations including the Hangzhou daily newspaper sponsored the voting for "Ten New Scenes on the West Lake". The selected new scene is Cloud-Sustained Path in Bamboo Grove (Misty Trees by Nine Streams ( ???? ), Dream in Galloping Tiger Spring ( ???? ), Yellow Dragon Cave Dressed Green ( ???? ), Rain Sweet Osmanthus in Manjuelong Village ( ???? ), Clouds Hovering over Jade Emperor Hill ( ???? ), Ask about Tea at Dragon Well ( ???? ), Precious Rock Floating in the Red Cloud ( ???? ), Heavenly Wind on Wushan Hill (? ??? ), and Ruan's Mound Circled by Greenness ( ???? ). While enjoying beautiful natural beauty and abundant cultural deposits, Hangzhou West Lake was one of the first "Scenic Scenic Tourism Resorts" in 1982, and was selected as one of the "Top Ten Chinese Landscape Sites" in 1985.
After 71 years, West Lake Exposition was launched at Xi Hu in 2000. The new exhibition was held from October 20 to November 10, attracting 1,400,000 domestic and overseas tourists. The tourism industry gained 1.12 billion RMB. The Expo greatly enhanced West Lake's reputation at home and abroad. After that, the West Lake Expo became a conventional annual celebration.
The West Lake picture has appeared several times in the Chinese currency. The "Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon" image was printed on the back of the two foreign exchange certificates of a yuan coin issued by the government in 1979 and the fifth version of RMB a yuan bill was issued in 2004.
Literary works
For centuries, the beauty and culture of the West Lake has attracted many writers, who abandoned literary works and poetry to portray the lake. For example, the Dream Lake at West Lake and The Enchiridion of Lake and Mountain record a lot about West Lake and the historic anecdotes of ancient Hangzhou. Poets like Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Xu Zhimo and Hu Shih also wrote many poems about West Lake. The Chinese Legend of the White Snake Legend was also installed on the West Lake in Hangzhou and has been adapted into film and television series for years.
West Lake Southern Side Renovation Project
Entering the 21st century, West Lake witnessed several environmental renovation projects. The first is "West Lake Southern Side Renovation Project". From February to October 2002, the Hangzhou government included four large parks on the south side of the lake, and these four parks have been publicly available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. On October 25, 2002, on the old site of the collapsed Leifeng Pagoda 78 years ago, a new pagoda with a height of 71.7 meters was erected.
Maps West Lake
Geography
About the formation of West Lake, there are some records in ancient documents. "West Lake Sight-Seeing Record" ( ????? ) says, "West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides. down the hills into the pool There are hundreds of springs under it Accumulated water forms a lake. "( ??????, ???? Modern scholars study topography, geology, sediment and hydrodynamics, and generally state that the West Lake is a gradually formed lagoon of a bay. In 1920, scientist Zhu Kezhen published "The Cause of West Lake Formation in Hangzhou" ( ????????? ) after checking the topography in around the lake. He claimed, "The West Lake was originally a cove on the left side of the Qiantang River, then the earth in the river settled and slowly clogged the mouth of the bay, then the lagoon formed." Zhu postulates, based on calculations of sedimentation levels, that the West Lake formed about 12,000 years ago, when the lake would be much larger than it is now; and, that the area of ​​the lake water was slowly shrinking, as it was filled with sediment brought down from the tributary in the hills that surrounded it on three sides. West Lake will no longer exist today without all the dredging work done in the historical period. In 1924, geologist Zhang Hongzhao ( ??? ) published "One Explanation of the Establishment of West Lake". While supporting Zhu's argument, he adds that the formation of the West Lake starts with the tidal power of building a lake bank. Then, coastal changes help keep the water level. These are two prerequisites for the formation of lakes.
Ecology
Flora
West Lake not only has abundant natural and cultural resources, also has a variety of plant resources. Around the year, all kinds of flowers and plants in the West Lake and around alternate blossom mounts, which enrich the plantation landscape around the lake and also significantly improve the quality of the city's environment.
Peach Flower : On the shore of the lake and Su and Bai Caused many willow and peach trees planted. It says a willow is accompanied by a peach tree. Other horticultural crops include magnolia, cherries, Confederate roses, etc. The peach blossom season in Hangzhou usually ranges from late February to mid April.
Lotus : Some sites in Hangzhou are named after lotuses, such as lotus pond ( ???? ) and lotus lane ( ???? ). There is a traditional food called "lotus cake". Lotus seed fossils were excavated at the Kuahuqiao site in Xiaoshan, which showed at least before the Tang dynasty there was a cultivated lotus. Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem, "The lotus leaves grow into the sky with endless green flowers, the lotus flower is bathed in sunlight appearing primarily red. (? ??????, ??????? ), which brings a high reputation to the lotus in the West Lake.At present, there are 14 areas of lotus cultivation on the lake, totally 130 hectares of China. "North Inside Lake "and" Yue Lake. "According to statistics, the West Lake lotus began to bloom in early June, and reached its peak blooming peak in late June, which can last until late August or early September.
Osmanthus : As the city flower, osmanthus is one of Hangzhou's representative plants. Poet Bai Juyi wrote "search osmanthus around the temple on the hill in the middle of Autumn", indicating osmanthus has been cultivated as early as the Tang dynasty. Osmanthus trees have been planted extensively in parks around the lake, and the most famous locations to be cherished are "Sweet Osmanthus Rain in Manjuelong Village", one of the "Ten Scenes of West Lake", and Hangzhou Garden Raya. Osmanthus can be divided into four main species, the Thunbergii group ( ?? ), Latifolius Group ( ?? ), Aurantiacus Group ( ?? ) and Fragrans Division ( ??? ). Among them, Thunbergii and Latifolius are the best. Every year around mid-autumn, the sweet-smelling osmanthus that blooms is the highlight of tourism in Hangzhou. In addition to its elegant appearance, osmanthus can also be eaten. Thunbergii and Latifolius boast an intense sweetness, and are a natural ingredient for spices. The flower of osmanthus mixed with white sugar became the traditional food of Hangzhou, "Sweet Osmanthus" ( ??? ). West Lake Osmanthus the bloom period starts from early September, which lasts until early November.
Plum blossom : Lin Bu ( ?? ), a renowned recluse in the Song dynasty, lives in Solitary Hill. His poem Little Plum Blossom of Hill Garden (title = "Chinese text"> ???? ) became a famous poem that praised flowers and enriched contributions cultural plum flower on the West Lake. The opening sentence of the poem says, "When everything has faded, they themselves shine, interfere with the charm of smaller gardens" ( ???????, ??????? ). Ling Peak, Solitary Hill, and West Creek have long been the top three places of plum flowers in Hangzhou. The flowering season is usually around the Spring Festival, from late January to mid February.
Tulip : "Prince Bay Park" Hangzhou Hangzhou imports almost all tulip species from the Netherlands in 1992, and held an annual tulip exhibition since then. It has become a new scenic spot by the lake. Normal tulip flower season from mid-March to late April.
Fauna
Because the city government has increased its attention to environmental protection, the ecological conditions in the West Lake area have gradually improved. Mallards, halcyons and carp koi are one of the most commonly seen animals in lakes. Squirrels roam among the trees in the bank.
Influences
West Lake is said to be the incarnation of Xi Shi, one of the four ancient Chinese Beauties. Since ancient times, the West Lake is associated with a large number of romantic poets, profound philosophers, national heroes and heroes. West Lake is also a retreat for many Chinese writers in the past. The Northern Song Dynasty poet, Lin Bu, avoids life as an official, lives in exile by West Lake for twenty years, and dedicates himself to the cultivation of peach and plum flowers. The great Ming Dynasty essayist Zhang Dai wrote a number of essays on West Lake in the Reminiscence and Dream of Tao'an (span lang = "zh-hant" title = "Chinese text">? ??? ), and the entire book: Search West Lake in Dreams ( ???? ). West Lake has had a huge impact on the design of the Far East landscape, and its features are often imitated by other palaces and parks, such as Kunming Lake at the Summer Palace in Beijing, the main pool of Kyu Shiba Rikyu Park and Koishikawa K? Rakuen Park in Tokyo, Japan, among others.
Due to its prominent historical and cultural status, West Lake was elected as the National Key Scenic Resort in 1982, one of Ten Scenic Resorts in 1985 and a 5A national tourist resort in 2006.
Along with its cultural interests, West Lake is historically also of value to local commercial fishermen. According to statistics from 1977, this lake has an annual fish yield of 1300 kg/hectare, slightly more than for some larger lakes (ie, the Eastern Lake of Wuhan has a yield of only 450 kg/ha).
Attractions
Other attractions include:
- Yue Fei Temple , grave and memorial room for Yue Fei.
- Lingyin Temple , a Buddhist monastery and a surrounding hill.
- Long Jing Tea Garden ( ???? ), an area famous for quality tea.
- Jingci Temple
- Galloping Tiger Spring ( ???? ), the famous spring with its mineral water
- Su Xiao Xiao's grave ( ???? )
- The West Lake Museum (located by the lake) is dedicated to the West Lake cultural heritage.
Ten Views of West Lake
Traditionally, there are ten of the most famous scenic spots on the West Lake, each remembered by a four character nickname. Collectively, they are known as the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" (10 Beautiful Places in West Lake ???? ). Each is marked with inscriptions with epithets written in Qianlong Emperor's calligraphy. They:
- Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring ( ???? )
- Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer ( ???? )
- The moon above Lake of Peace in Autumn ( ???? )
- Snow Time on the Winter Bridge ( ???? )
- The Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset ( ???? )
- Two Peak Climbs Cloud ( ???? )
- Orioles Singing in Willows ( ???? )
- Fish Viewing in the Flower Pool ( ???? )
- Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon ( ???? )
- Bell Night Ringing on Nanping Hill ( ???? )
Gallery
Notes and references
See also
Phoenix Mountain
External links
- Hangzhou Government website
- TRAVELZHEJIANG
- Ten Classical Scenes of West Lake in History
- Official West Lake Travel Guide - Hangzhou Tourism Commission
- Hangzhou West Lake: Too many places, too little time
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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