The keyless entry system is an electronic key that controls access to buildings or vehicles without the use of traditional mechanical keys. The term keyless entry system initially means a key controlled by a button located at or near the driver's door, which requires entering a predefined (or programmed) numeric code itself. Such systems now have touch-enabled buttons and are still available on certain Ford and Lincoln models.
The term remote lock system (RKS), also called no incoming keys or remote central locking , refers to keys that use remote control electronic as a key that is activated by a handheld device or automatically close.
Widely used in cars, RKS performs standard car lock functions without physical contact. When within a few meters of the car, pressing a button on the remote can lock or unlock the door, and can perform other functions. Remotely locked systems can include a remote keyless entry (RKE) system, which unlocks the door, and a remote keyless ignition system (RKI), which starts the machine.
Video Remote keyless system
History
One of the first introductions was in 1980 at Ford Thunderbird, Mercury Cougar, Lincoln Continental Mark VI, and Lincoln Town Car, called Ford Keyless Entry System (later renamed SecuriCode). It was a button on the driver's outside door above the door handle. It consists of buttons with five buttons which, when the code is inserted, will unlock the driver's door, with the next code entry to unlock all doors, and luggage. Nissan offered the same technology on the Nissan Maxima and Nissan Fairlady starting in 1984, essentially using the same approach as Ford, with the addition of the ability to roll the window down and open an optional moonroof from outside the vehicle on the door handle that attached the keypad on the driver's door and the passenger front.
The remote keyless system using the first handheld transmitter began to emerge in France created Renault Fuego in 1982, and as an option on several American Motors vehicles in 1983, including the Renault Alliance. This feature gained the first widespread availability in the US on some General Motors vehicles in 1989.
Maps Remote keyless system
Function
The keyless remote contains short-range radio transmitters, and must be within a certain range, usually 5-20 meters, from the car to work. When a button is pressed, it sends the signal encoded by radio waves to the receiver unit in the car, which locks or unlocks the door. Most RKEs operate at a frequency of 315 MHz for North American-made cars and at 433.92 MHz for European, Japanese, and Asian cars. Modern systems since the mid-1990s apply encryption as well as rotating entry codes to prevent car thieves from tapping and spoofing signals. Earlier systems used infrared instead of radio signals to unlock vehicles, such as systems found on Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and other manufacturers.
This system signals that it has locked or unlocked the car normally through several combinations of flashing vehicle lights, distinctive sounds other than horns, or the use of the horn itself. Typical setting on a car is to have a horn or other sound twitter twice to indicate that the car has been unlocked, and a chirp once to show the car has been locked. For example, Toyota, Scion, and Lexus use a chirp system to indicate the car is locked/unlocked. While two beeps mean the driver's door is unlocked, four beeps mean all doors are not locked. One long sound is for luggage or power tailgate. One short sound indicates that the car is locked and the alarm is set.
Remote keyless entry system functions are on the key phob or built into self-handling ignition keys. Keys are dedicated to lock or unlock the door and open the trunk or truck. In some minivans, the power of the sliding door can be opened/closed from a distance. Some cars will also close all windows and roofs open when locking the car remotely. Some keyless fobs also have a red panic button that activates the car alarm as a standard feature. Adding more convenience, some car engines with keyless ignition systems without keys can start by pressing a button on the fob button (useful in cold weather), and the convertible tops can be raised and lowered from outside the vehicle when parked..
In cars where baggage release is electronically operated, it can be triggered to be opened by a button on the remote. Conventionally, an open rod spring with the help of a hydraulic strut or torsion spring, and subsequently must be lowered manually. Premium models, such as SUVs and plantations with tailgates, may have motorized assistance that can open and close tailgate for easy access and remote operation.
For office, or residence, the system can also be incorporated with security systems, garage door openers or remote lighting devices.
Programming
Remote keyless entry fobs emit radio frequencies with a distinctly clear digital identity code. As far as "programming" fobs is an exclusive technical process, it is usually done by car manufacturers. In general, the procedure is to place the car computer in 'programming mode'. This usually requires involving strength in the car several times while holding a button or lever. This may also include opening the door, or removing the fuse. Procedures vary between different brands, models, and years. Once in 'programming mode' one or more fob buttons are pressed to send the digital identity code to the computer onboard the car. The computer stores the code and the car is then removed from the programming mode.
Since RKS Fobs are becoming more common in the automotive industry, the secondary market of unprogrammed devices has sprung up. Some websites sell steps to program the fobs for each car model as well as the accessory kit to activate the car device remotely. Many sites, provide free programming instruction RKS fob for free.
At the beginning (1998-2012) remote keyless entry, the remote can be programmed individually by the user, by pressing the button on the remote, and starting the vehicle. However, newer remote keyless entries (2013) require programming or locksmith programming via computers with special software. The infrared keyless entry system offers user programming, even though radio frequency keyless entry systems mostly require dealer programming.
Smart key
Some cars have a proximity system that is triggered if the transponder car keys are within a certain distance from the car. Sometimes called a hands-free or sophisticated key, one of the earliest systems was found in the 1993 Chevrolet Corvette (called the Passive Keyless Entry System) and in Mercedes-Benz vehicles from 1998. Today, the system is commonly found on a variety of vehicles, and although the exact method of operation differs between brands and models, their operations are generally similar: the vehicle can be unlocked without the driver need to physically press the key on the fob key to lock or unlock the car and can also start or stop the ignition key without physically having to enter the key and turning the ignition. Instead, the vehicle senses that the key (which may lie in the user's pocket, purse, etc.) approaches the vehicle.
A simpler version of the smart key system is the machine immobilizer, which involves a key security system embedded in most modern vehicle keys. A small chip rests on the lock of the vehicle or under a plastic key cover. When any key is inserted in the ignition key, the ignition key is encoded. The key sends its security code to the ignition key, which also has its own security code, and if the security code matches, the vehicle will start when the lock is turned on. However, if the keycode does NOT match, the vehicle will NOT start when the lock is turned on. Some early examples of this technology include the Chrysler Corporation's Sentry Key System, or PASSKey General Motors System.
Some security keys can be programmed by the user, although most of these keys must be programmed by the dealer or locksmith via computer. It is not possible to copy this key in a hardware store or auto parts store.
Security
Keyless ignition does not by default provide better security. In October 2014, it was found that some insurance companies in the UK would not insure a certain vehicle with ignition without a key unless there were additional mechanical locks in place due to weakness in a keyless system.
The news media have reported cases in which alleged criminals managed to unlock cars using signal boosters to trick vehicles into thinking that their keyless locks are close even when they are away, even though they have not reported that the device has been found. The articles speculate that storing fobs in aluminum foil or freezers when not in use can prevent criminals from exploiting this vulnerability.
By 2015, it was reported that Samy Kamkar has built a wallet-sized, low-cost electronic device that can be hidden in or near a locked vehicle to capture a single keyless pass code that will be used at a later time to unlock the vehicle. The device transmits an interruption signal to block the receipt of the vehicle revolving code signal from the owner's fob, while recording these signals from both attempts required to unlock the vehicle. The first code recorded is sent to the vehicle only when the owner makes a second attempt, while the second recorded code is retained for future use. Kamkar states that this vulnerability has been widely recognized for many years to be present in many types of vehicles but previously not shown. Demonstration was announced for DEF CON 23.
See also
- Near field communication - possible use and app
- Transponder car keys
References
External links
- An article about how a remote keyless entry system in a car works
- Remote Key Entry (RKE) System Requirements
- Fake warning about the RKE code thief at Snopes.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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