Visa Inc. ( or ) (also known as Visa , styled as VISA ) is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. This facilitates the transfer of electronic funds worldwide, most often through Visa credit cards, gift cards, and debit cards. Visa does not issue cards, extend credit or set rates and charges to consumers; Instead, Visa provides financial institutions with Visa-branded payment products that they then use to offer credit, debit, prepaid, and cash access programs to their customers. In 2015, Nilson Report, a publication tracking the credit card industry, found that Visa's global network (known as VisaNet ) processed 100 billion transactions during 2014 with a total volume of US $ 6.8 trillion.
Visas operate on all continents around the world with the exception of Antarctica. Almost all Visa transactions worldwide are processed through VisaNet in one of two secure facilities: the Eastern Operations Center, located near Ashburn, Virginia; and the Central Operations Center, located near Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Both data centers are very safe against natural disasters, crime, and terrorism; can operate independently of each other and from external utilities where necessary; and can handle up to 30,000 simultaneous transactions and up to 100 billion calculations every second. Each transaction is examined across 500 variables including 100 fraud detection parameters - such as location and customer shopping habits and merchant locations - before being accepted.
Visa is the world's second largest card payment organization (debit and credit card combined), after being defeated by China UnionPay in 2015, based on the annual value of payments of transacted cards and the number of cards issued. Because the UnionPay size is based primarily on the size of its domestic market, Visa is dominant worldwide outside of China, with 50% of the global card payment market share being reduced by China.
Video Visa Inc.
Histori
In mid-September 1958, Bank of America (BofA) launched the BankBirthard Card program in Fresno, California, with an initial bulk (or "drop", as they called) of 60,000 unsolicited credit cards. The initial idea was the idea of ​​a BofA product development think tank within the company, the Customer Service Research Group, and its leader, Joseph P. Williams. Williams convinced BofA's senior executives in 1956 to let him pursue what became the world's first successful successful mass mailing of unsolicited credit cards (real work cards, not just apps) for large populations.
Williams's pioneering achievement is that it brings successful implementation of a multi-purpose credit card (in the sense that the project is not directly canceled), not with that idea. By the mid-1950s, typical American middle-class people already had rolling credit accounts with several different merchants, who were obviously inefficient and uncomfortable because of the need to carry so many cards and pay so many separate bills each month. The need for integrated financial instruments is already evident for the American financial services industry, but no one knows how to do it. There are already cost cards like the Diners Club (which must be paid in full at the end of each billing cycle), and "in the mid-1950s, there were at least a dozen attempts to make versatile credit cards." However, previous attempts have been made by banks small who do not have the resources to get them to work. Williams and his team studied this failure carefully and believed that they could avoid replicating the banks' mistakes; they also studied the revolving credit operations that existed in Sears and Mobil Oil to learn why they were successful. Fresno was selected for its population of 250,000 (large enough to make credit card works, small enough to control initial startup costs), BofA's market share of the population (45%), and relative isolation, to control public relations damage in cases of failed projects.
The 1958 test initially went smoothly, but then BofA panicked when confirming rumors that another bank would start its own decline in San Francisco, BofA's home market. In March 1959, the decline began in San Francisco and Sacramento; in June, BofA dropped a card in Los Angeles; in October, the entire state has been saturated with more than 2 million credit cards, and BankAmericard is accepted by 20,000 merchants. However, the program was fraught with problems, as Williams (who had never worked in the bank lending department) was too earnest and believed in his belief in the bank's basic kindness, and he resigned in December 1959. 22% of delinquent accounts, not 4% expected, and police departments across the country are confronted by various new credit card fraud crime incidents. Both politicians and journalists joined the general uproar against Bank of America and newfangled credit cards, especially when it was demonstrated that cardholder agreements kept customers accountable for all allegations, even those resulting from fraud. BofA has officially lost more than $ 8.8 million at the launch of BankAmericard, but when the full cost of advertising and overhead is included, the bank's actual losses may be around $ 20 million.
However, after Williams and several of his closest associates left, BofA's management realized that BankAmericard could be saved. They are doing a "massive effort" to clean up after Williams, imposing proper financial control, issuing open letters to 3 million households across the country apologizing for credit card fraud and other issues their cards raised, and finally being able to make the new one. work of financial instruments.
The original goal of BofA was to offer BankAmericard products throughout California, but in 1966, BofA began to sign licensing agreements with a group of banks outside California, in response to a new competitor, Master Charge (now MasterCard), which has been created by an alliance of several banks California to compete with BankAmericard. BofA itself (like all other US banks at the time) was not able to expand directly into other countries because federal restrictions were not revoked until 1994. Over the next 11 years, various banks licensed the card system from Bank of America, thus forming a support bank network BankAmericard systems throughout the United States. Unsolicited credit "unsettled" credit cards continued, thanks to BofA and its licensors and competitors, until they were banned in 1970, but not before more than 100 million credit cards have been distributed to the American population.
During the late 1960s, BofA also licensed BankAmericard programs to banks in several other countries, which began issuing cards under local brand names. As an example:
- In Canada, bank alliances (including Toronto-Dominion Bank, Royal Canadian Bank of Canada, Banque Canadienne Nationale and Bank of Nova Scotia) issue credit cards under Chargex name from 1968 to 1977.
- In France, it's known as Carte Bleue (Blue Card). The logo still appears on many French Visa cards issued today.
- In Japan, Sumitomo Bank issues BankAmericards through Sumitomo Credit Service.
- In the UK, the only BankAmericard publisher for several years is Barclaycard. Branding still exists today, but is used not only on Visa cards issued by Barclays, but also on MasterCard and American Express cards.
- In Spain until 1979 the only publisher was Banco de Bilbao.
In 1968, a manager at National Bank of Commerce (then Rainier Bancorp), Dee Hock, was asked to oversee the bank's launch of its own licensed version of BankAmericard in the Northwest Pacific market. Although Bank of America has cultivated a public image that troubled startup issues of BankAmericard are now safe in the past, Hock realizes that BankAmericard's licensing program itself is in a horrible mess because it has grown and developed very rapidly in ad hoc my mode. For example, the "exchange" of transactions issues between banks is a very serious matter, one that has never been seen before when Bank of America is the only BankAmericards publisher. Hock advised the other licensees that they set up a committee to investigate and analyze problems with the licensing program; they immediately made him the committee chairman.
After long negotiations, the committee headed by Hock was able to persuade Bank of America that a bright future lies ahead of BankAmericard - outside Bank of America. In June 1970, Bank of America ceded control of the BankAmericard program. BankAmericard publishing houses control the program, creating National BankAmericard Inc. (NBI), an independent Delaware company that will be responsible for managing, promoting and developing the BankAmericard system in the United States. In other words, BankAmericard is converted from a franchise system into a consortium or a jointly controlled alliance, such as its competitor, Master Charge. Hock became the first president and CEO of the NBI.
However, Bank of America retains the right to license BankAmericard directly to banks outside the United States, and continues to issue and support such licenses. In 1972, licenses have been granted in 15 countries. The international licensors immediately faced various problems with their licensing program, and they hired Hock as consultants to help them restructure their relationship with BofA as he had done for domestic licensees. As a result, in 1974, the International Bankcard Company (IBANCO), a multinational member company, was established to manage the international BankAmericard program.
In 1976, IBANCO directors decided that bringing international networks together into one network with one name internationally would be in the best interests of the corporation; However, in many countries, there is still a great reluctance to issue cards associated with Bank of America, even though the association is entirely nominal. For this reason, in 1976, BankAmericard, Barclaycard, Carte Bleue, Chargex, Sumitomo Card, and all other licensees were united under the new name, " Visa ", which retained the blue, white and gold flags typical.. NBI becomes Visa USA and IBANCO becomes Visa International.
The term Visa was conceived by the company's founder, Dee Hock. He believes that the word is instantly recognizable in many languages ​​in many countries, and it also denotes universal acceptance.
In October 2007, Bank of America announced the revival of BankAmericard's brand name as "BankAmericard Visa Rewards".
Company structure
Prior to October 3, 2007, Visa consisted of four separately-founded non-stock companies employing 6,000 people worldwide: Visa International Service Association (Visa) - a worldwide parent entity, Visa USA Inc., Canada Visa Association, and Visa Europe Ltd. The three territories that are separately incorporated have the status of group members of the International Visa Service Association.
Unrelated areas of Latin American Visas (LACs), Visas of Asia Pacific and Visa Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa (CEMEA) are divisions within Visa.
Billing & amp; financial cost method
Initially, signed copies of the sales draft are included in each customer's monthly billing statement for purposes of verification - an industry practice known as "country club billing". However, in the late 1970s, billing statements no longer contained this attachment, but a summary statement showing the date of posting, date of purchase, reference number, merchant name, and dollar amount of each purchase. At the same time, many publishers, especially Bank of America, are in the process of changing their financial costing method. Initially, the "previous balance" method is used - the calculation of the financial costs on the unpaid balance shown in the previous month's statement. Then, it was decided to use the "average daily balance" which resulted in increased revenue for the issuer by counting the number of days each purchase was included in the previous month's statement. A few years later, "new average daily balance" - where transactions from previous and current billing cycles are used in calculations - are introduced. In the early 1980s, many publishers introduced the concept of annual fees as another revenue addition.
IPO and restructuring
On October 11, 2006, Visa announced that some of its businesses will be merged and become a public company, Visa Inc. Under the restructuring of the IPO, Visa Canada, Visa International, and Visa U.S.A. merged into a new public company. Western European Operations Visas become separate companies, owned by its member banks that will also have minority interests in Visa Inc. In total, more than 35 investment banks participated in the agreement in several capacities, primarily as underwriters.
On October 3, 2007, Visa completed a corporate restructuring with the establishment of Visa Inc. This new company is the first step towards Visa's IPO. The second step came on November 9, 2007, when Visa Inc. the new filing for a $ 10 billion IPO with the US Securities and Commerce Commission (SEC). On February 25, 2008, Visa announced it would proceed with an IPO of half of its shares. The IPO took place on March 18, 2008. Visa sold 406 million shares at a price of US $ 44 per share ($ 2 above the expected highs of the $ 37-42 price range), raising US $ 17.9 billion in the largest initial public offering in US history.. On March 20, 2008, IPO underwriters (including JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs & Co., Banc of America Securities LLC, Citi, HSBC, Merrill Lynch & Co., Investment Bank UBS and Wachovia Securities) implemented the overallotment option they bought an additional 40.6 million shares, bringing the total number of Visa IPO shares to 446.6 million, bringing the total proceeds to US $ 19.1 billion. Visa is now traded under the ticker symbol "V" on the New York Stock Exchange.
Visa Europe
Visa Europe Ltd. is a membership association and co-operation with more than 3,700 European banks and other payment service providers that operate Visa-branded products and services in Europe. Visa Europe is a completely separate company for Visa Inc. after gaining independence from the Visa International Service Association in October 2007 when Visa Inc. into a public company on the New York Stock Exchange. Visa Inc. announced plans to acquire Visa Europe on November 5, 2015, creating a global company. On April 21, 2016, the agreement was amended in response to a European Commission feedback. European Visa acquisition completed on June 21, 2016.
Maps Visa Inc.
Criticism and controversy
WikiLeaks
Visa Europe began to suspend payments to WikiLeaks on December 7, 2010. The company said it was awaiting an investigation of the 'nature of its business and whether it was against Visa's operating rules' - though it did not go into details. In return, Datacell, an IT company that allows WikiLeaks to accept credit and debit card donations, announces that it will take legal action against Visa Europe. On December 8, the Anonymous group committed a DDoS attack on visa.com, bringing the site down. Although the Norwegian-based financial services company, US Teller, whom Visa ordered to look at WikiLeaks and the fund raising agency, Sunshine Press, found no evidence of any error, Salon reported in January 2011 that the European Visa "will continue to block donations to the secret-spill site until completing its own investigation".
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay stated that Visa may "violate WikiLeaks' rights to freedom of expression" by withdrawing their services.
In July 2012, the Reykjavik District Court ruled that Valitor (the Icelandic partner of Visa and MasterCard) violated the law when preventing donations to the site by credit card. It was decided that donations were allowed to return to the site within 14 days or they would be fined $ 6,000 per day.
Litigation and regulatory actions
Anti-trust demands by ATM operator
MasterCard, together with Visa, has been sued in class action by ATM operators claiming credit card networking rules to effectively improve ATM access fees. The lawsuit claims that this is a trade restriction that violates federal law. The lawsuit filed by the National ATM Board and the independent operator of the automated teller machines. More specifically, the allegation that the MasterCard and Visa network rules prohibit ATM operators from offering lower prices for transactions through PIN-debit networks that are not affiliated with Visa or MasterCard. The lawsuit says that this pricing is artificially raising the price consumers pay using ATMs, limiting revenue earned by ATM operators, and violating Act Sherman's ban on unwarranted trade restrictions. Johnathan Rubin, a lawyer for plaintiffs said, "Visa and MasterCard are group leaders, organizers, and conspiracy enforcers among US banks to fix ATM access fee prices to keep up the competition."
The cost of debit card scrolling
Visa completed an antitrust lawsuit in 1996 brought by a group of US merchants, including Walmart, for billions of dollars in 2003. More than 4 million class members were represented by the plaintiff. According to a website related to the lawsuit, Visa and MasterCard completed the plaintiff's claim for a total of $ 3.05 billion. The visa portion of the settlement is reported to be larger.
AS. Action Department of Justice
In October 2010, Visa and MasterCard reached an agreement with the US Justice Department in other anti-monopoly cases. The company agrees to allow merchants to display their logos to refuse certain types of cards (due to different exchange fees), or to offer discounts to consumers for using cheaper cards.
In 1998, the Justice Department sued Visa for a law prohibiting its banks from doing business with American Express and Discover. The Justice Department won its case in court in 2001 and the verdict was dropped on appeal. American Express and Discover filed suit as well.
Anti-trust issues in Europe
In 2002, the European Commission freed the visa multilateral exchange fee of Article 81 of the EC Agreement prohibiting anti-competitive arrangements. However, this exclusion expired on December 31, 2007. In the UK, MasterCard has reduced interchange fees while under investigation by the Office of Fair Trading.
In January 2007, the European Commission issued a two-year investigation into the retail banking sector. This report focuses on payment cards and exchange fees. After publishing the report, Commissioner Neelie Kroes said "the current exchange rate charge in many of the schemes we have reviewed does not seem justified." The report calls for more studies on the issue.
On March 26, 2008, the European Commission opened an investigation into the multilateral visa exchange fees for trans-boundary transactions within the EEA as well as into the "All Honor Card" rule (in which merchants are required to accept all valid Visa branded cards).
An antitrust authority from EU Member States other than UK is also investigating MasterCard and Visa exchange fees. For example, on January 4, 2007, the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection fined 20 banks total PLN 164 million (about $ 56 million) to jointly regulate MasterCard and Visa exchange fees.
In December 2010, Visa reached a settlement with the EU in other anti-monopoly cases, promising to reduce debit card payments up to 0.2 percent of purchases. A senior official from the European Central Bank called for the dissolution of the Visa/MasterCard duopoly by creating a new European debit card for use in Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). After blocking Visa payments to WikiLeaks, European Parliament members expressed concern that payments from European citizens to European companies appear to be blocked by the US, and called for further reductions in the dominance of Visas and MasterCards in the European payment system.
Payment Card Charge and Litigation Antimonopoly Merchant Discount
On November 27, 2012, a US federal judge entered into an order that gave preliminary approval for a proposed settlement for a class action lawsuit filed in 2005 by merchants and trade associations of Visa, MasterCard, and many credit card issuing banks. The lawsuit was filed due to pricing and other anti-competitive trade practices employed by MasterCard and Visa. The majority of plaintiffs named the class have objected and vowed to opt out of the settlement. Opponents object to terms that would impede future lawsuits and even prevent merchants from opting out of significant parts of the proposed settlement. Stephen Neuwirth, a lawyer representing Home Depot, said: "It is clear Visa and MasterCard are ready to make big payments because of the scope of the release given.This is all one quid pro quo and merchants like Home Depot are denied the opportunity to opt out of the quid pro quo and says this is a bad deal. "
The plaintiff alleges that Visa, MasterCard, and major credit card issuers are involved in a conspiracy to fix exchange fees, also known as swipe fees, which are charged to merchants for the privilege of receiving payment cards at an artificially high level. In their complaint, the plaintiffs also alleged that the defendants unfairly interfere with merchants to encourage customers to use cheaper forms of payment like low cost cards, cash and checks.
The settlement provides cash equivalent to a 10 basis point (0.1 percent) reduction of the friction fee charged to the trader for a period of eight months. This eight-month period may start in mid-2013. The total settlement value will be approximately $ 7.25 billion. According to court files, Target, Walmart, Home Depot, Neiman Marcus, Saks, and 1,200 other plaintiffs oppose the settlement. A group of wholesalers including Kroger, Walgreens, and Safeway have reached a separate agreement with the defendants over the cost of the swipe. The NACS, for example, strongly condemns the settlements and urges its members to opt out.
Tom Robinson, NACS chairman and president of Robinson Oil, said, "The proposed settlement allows the card companies to continue dictating bank-imposed rates and market-limiting rules including for emerging payment methods, especially cellular payments, and consumers and traders will ultimately pay more as a result of this agreement - without any visible help. "Josh Floum, general counsel for Visa, replied," Our belief that the deal will ultimately receive final approval is strengthened today.As we have said from the beginning, this settlement is a fair and reasonable compromise for all parties. "
In January 2013, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that any appeal against a settlement which received preliminary approval in November 2012 will not be heard until objection to the settlement is filed and considered by the court in September 2013. The practical effect of this ruling is to allow the completion notification to be sent to qualified merchants.
high frictional cost in Poland
Very high interchange fees for Visas (1.5-1.6% of the final price of each transaction, which also includes VAT) in Poland initiated discussions on the legality and requirement of government regulations on exchange fees to avoid high costs for businesses (which also blocked electronic payment market and card acceptability). This situation also led to the birth of new payment methods, which avoided the need for corporate intermediaries such as Visa or MasterCard, such as mobile apps issued by major banks, and systems by large discount store networks, or older public ticketing ticket systems bought.
Confrontation with Wal-Mart at high cost
In June 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported that Walmart threatened to stop accepting Visa cards in Canada. Visa objections say that consumers should not be dragged into disputes between companies.
Company affairs
Headquarters
On October 1, 2012, Visa headquarters is located in Foster City, California. Visa headquartered in San Francisco until 1985, when moving to San Mateo. Around 1993, Visa began merging various offices scattered in San Mateo to a location in Foster City. Visa became the largest company of Foster City.
In 2009, Visa moved its corporate headquarters back to San Francisco while renting the top three floors of the 595 Market Street office building, although most of its employees remained on the Foster City campus. In 2012, Visa decided to consolidate its headquarters in Foster City where 3,100 of its 7,700 global workers are employed. Visa has four buildings at the intersection of Metro Center Boulevard and Vintage Park Drive.
In December 2012, Visa Inc. ensuring that they will build a global information technology center outside the US 183 Expressway in northwest Austin, Texas.
Operation
Offering visa through members who issue the following card types:
- A debit card (paid from a checking account/savings account)
- Credit card (pay monthly payments with or without interest depends on the customer pays on time)
- Prepaid card (pay from cash account with no checkwriting rights)
Visa operates a network of Automatic Teller Plus machines and the Interlink EFTPOS point-of-sale network, which facilitates the "debit" protocol used with debit cards and prepaid cards. They also provide commercial payment solutions for small, medium and large enterprises, and governments.
Visa is working with Apple in September 2014, to incorporate the features of new mobile wallets into Apple's new iPhone model, enabling users to more easily use their Visas, and other credit/debit cards.
Operation rules
Visa has a set of rules governing the participation of financial institutions in its payment system. Getting the bank accountable for ensuring that their merchants comply with the rules.
Rules discuss how cardholders should be identified for security, how transactions can be rejected by banks and how banks can work together for fraud prevention, and how to maintain fraud and non-discriminatory identification and protection standards. Other rules govern what creates proof of authorization that cardholders can implement.
The rules prohibiting merchants impose a minimum or maximum purchase amount to receive Visa cards and from charging the cardholder with a Visa card. In the ten US states, additional charges for credit card use are prohibited by law (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Oklahoma and Texas) but discounts for cash are allowed under certain rules. Some countries have banned rules at no additional cost, especially in Australian retailers may apply additional fees for each credit card transaction, Visa or otherwise. In the United Kingdom, the law was amended in January 2018 to prevent resellers from adding additional fees to a transaction under 'The 2012 Consumer Rights (Additional Payment of Costs)' Act.
Visas allow merchants to request photo IDs, even though merchant's rules state that this practice is not recommended. As long as the Visa card is signed, the merchant can not refuse the transaction because the cardholder refuses to show the photo ID.
The Dodd-Frank Act allows US traders to set a minimum purchase amount on credit card transactions, not exceeding $ 10.
Recent complications include the addition of exceptions to purchases that are not signed over the phone or on the Internet, and an additional security system called "Verified by Visa" for purchases on the Internet.
In September 2014, Visa Inc., launched a new service to replace account information on plastic cards with "token" - a digital account number.
Contactless Visa (formerly payWave)
In September 2007, Visa introduced Visa payWave , a technology feature of contactless payments that allows cardholders to wave their cards in front of payment terminals without contact without the need to physically swipe or insert the card into point-of-device sales. This is similar to MasterCard PayPass and American Express ExpressPay services, with both using RFID technology. All three use the same symbol as shown on the right.
In Europe, Visa has introduced a V Pay card, which is a special debit card chip and PIN only. In Australia, taking is the highest in the world, with over 50% of transactions in Visa stores now made through Visa payWave.
Visa Checkout
In 2013 Visa launches Visa Checkout, an online payment system that eliminates the need to share card details with resellers. Visa Checkout service allows users to enter all their personal information and card information, then use a single username and password to make purchases from online retailers. This service works with Visa credit, debit and prepaid cards. On 27 November 2013, I started living in England, France, Spain and Poland, with the Nationwide Building Society becoming the first financial institution in the UK to support it, even though Nationwide later withdrew the service in 2016.
Trademark and design
logo design
The blue and gold in the Visa logo are selected to represent the blue sky and golden hills in California, where Bank of America was established.
In 2005, Visa changed its logo, removing a horizontal line with a simple white background with a blue Visa name with orange flick on 'V'. The orange film has been removed for logo to be a solid blue gradient by 2014. By 2015, gold and blue stripes are restored as brand cards on Visa Debit and Visa Electron, though not as a type of corporate logo.
Card design
In 1984, most Visa cards around the world began showing pigeon holograms on their faces, generally under the last four digits of Visa numbers. This is applied as a security feature - a true hologram will appear three dimensions and the image will change when the card is played. At the same time, the Visa logo, which previously covered the entire face of the card, was reduced in size to the strip on the right of the card combining the hologram. This allows the issuing bank to customize the look of the card. Similar changes are applied with MasterCard cards. Today, cards can be combined with various merchants, airlines, etc., and are marketed as "gift cards".
On older Visa cards, holding a card face under ultraviolet light will reveal a dove image, dubbed Dove Ultra-Sensitive, as an additional safety test. (On newer Visa cards, UV dove is replaced with a small V above the Visa logo.)
Beginning in 2005, the Visa standard was changed to allow the hologram to be placed on the back of the card, or replaced with a holographic magnetic strip ("HoloMag"). HoloMag cards are shown to occasionally cause interruptions to the card reader, so Visa eventually pulls the HoloMag card design and returns to its traditional magnetic strip.
Signature
Visa made a statement on January 12, 2018 that the signature requirement would be optional for all EMV contacts or merchants using contactless chips in North America beginning April 2018. It has been noted that signatures are no longer required to counter fraud and fraud capabilities have advanced allowing this removal to lead to a faster storefront in-store experience. Visa is the last of major credit card issuers to loosen signature requirements. The first to remove the signature is MasterCard Inc. followed by Discover Financial Services and American Express Co.
Sponsors
Olympics and Paralympics
- Visa has been the world's Olympic sponsor since 1986 and the International Paralympic Committee since 2002. Visa is the only card accepted in all Olympic and Paralympic venues. The current contract with the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee as an exclusive service sponsor will continue until 2020 and 2020 respectively. These include the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, the London 2012 Olympics, the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics, the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
- In 2002, Visa became the first global sponsor of the IPC. Visa extends its partnership with the International Paralympic Committee until 2020, which includes the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games, London 2012 Paralympic Games, Sochi Paralympic Games 2014, Paralympic Games Pyeongchang 2018 and 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games.
More
- Visa is the sponsor of the jersey of Argentina's national basketball team at FIBA ​​Americas Championship 2015 in Mexico City.
- Visa is a t-shirt sponsor for Argentina's national rugby team, dubbed Pumas. In addition, Visa sponsors Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana, the most important football club tournament in South America.
- Until 2005, Visa was the exclusive sponsor of the Triple Crown race tournament.
- Visa sponsors the Rugby World Cup, and the 2007 tournament in France is the last.
- In 2007, Visa sponsored the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. The FIFA partnership provides Visa with global rights to various FIFA activities - including the 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2014 as well as the FIFA Women's World Cup.
- Since 1995, Visa has sponsored the US National Football League (NFL) and a number of NFL teams, including San Francisco 49ers who wore training uniforms displaying the Visa logo. Sponsor Visas from NFL extended through the 2014 season.
- Starting from the 2012 season, Visa becomes Caterham's F1 Team partner. Visas are also known for motorsport sponsorship in the past: sponsored IndyCar PacWest Racing teams in 1995 and 1996, with drivers Danny Sullivan and Mark Blundell respectively.
- The current visa is the jersey sponsor of the professional gaming team (eSports) SK Gaming for 2017
See also
References
External links
- The official Visa.com website (in most cases, will automatically be redirected to a localized version of Visa.com based on user location)
- Company profile of official Visa
- Visa Europe
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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